In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its effects generally involve making neurons less likely to fire action potentials or release neurotransmitters. GABA acts at both ionotropic (GABAa) and metabotropic (GABAb) receptors, and its action is terminated by a transporter called the GABA transporter. Several drugs like alcohol and benzodiazepines cause increased GABA activity, which is associated with sedative effects.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.
Although GABA’s primary functions are as a neurotransmitter, it has the structure of an amino acid and thus is referred to as an amino acid neurotransmitter. It is synthesized from another amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase.
The function of GABA changes over the course of neural development, but in the mature brain it acts primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; in other words when GABA interacts with the receptors of a neuron, it generally makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential or release neurotransmitters.
There are two types of receptors GABA interacts with, GABAa and GABAb receptors. GABAa receptors are ionotropic receptors. When GABA binds to the GABAa receptor, it causes the opening of an associated ion channel that is permeable to the negatively charged ion chloride. When negative chloride ions flow into the neuron, they hyperpolarize the membrane potential of the neuron and make it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. GABAb receptors are metabotropic (or g-protein coupled) receptors; when activated they frequently cause the opening of potassium channels. These channels allow positively charged potassium ions to flow out of the neuron, again making the neuron hyperpolarized and less likely to fire an action potential.
The actions of GABA are terminated by proteins called GABA transporters, which transport GABA from the synaptic cleft into neurons or glial cells where it is degraded primarily by mitochondrial enzymes.
Because GABA can reduce neural transmission, increased GABA activity can have sedative effects. Accordingly, a number of drugs that have such effects, like alcohol and benzodiazepines, increase activity at the GABA receptor.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
欢迎来到2分钟的神经科学课程，我在这里
在2分钟内解释神经科学主题或 减。 在本期中，我将讨论γ-氨基丁酸
酸或GABA。 尽管GABA的主要功能是
神经递质，具有以下结构 氨基酸，因此被称为
氨基酸神经递质。 它是由另一种氨基酸合成的
神经递质谷氨酸盐在反应中 由谷氨酸脱羧酶催化。 GABA的功能在整个过程中会发生变化
发育，但在成熟的大脑中 它主要起抑制神经递质的作用；
换句话说，当GABA与 通常是神经元的受体
神经元不太可能激发动作电位 或释放神经递质。 GABA相互作用有两种受体
与GABAa和GABAb受体结合。 GABA a受体是离子型受体。 当GABA与GABAa受体结合时，
导致打开相关的离子通道 可以带负电
离子氯化物。 当负氯离子流入
神经元，它们使膜电位超极化 的神经元，使它的可能性降低
神经元将激发动作电位。 GABAb受体是代谢型的（或g蛋白
耦合的）受体；当被激活时，他们经常 引起钾通道的开放。 这些通道允许带正电的钾
离子从神经元流出，再次使 神经元超极化且可能性较小
释放动作电位。 GABA的作用被蛋白质终止
称为GABA转运蛋白 GABA从突触裂隙进
入神经元
或主要降解的神经胶质细胞 通过线粒体酶。 由于GABA可以减少神经传递，
GABA活性增加可具有镇静作用 效果。 因此，许多药物具有
效果，例如酒精和苯二氮卓类药物， 增加对GABA受体的活性。
Comments
In two minutes, you explained it much better than a Stanford professor.
You are the father I'd never had, the brother everybody would want. You are the friend that everybody deserves. I don't know a better person. I DON'T know a better person (inserts Oprah's voice)
Thank you for your simple and perfect explanation.
The exact information I was looking for, thanks a lot 🙏
this 2-minutes explanation video is so satisfying <3
Excellent concise presentation!! 👍👍👍 Thank you!
I liked that u pointed out Gaba-A is CL releasing where as GABA-b is K+ attracting ! your statement that the functions are age related (brain maturation) seemed egnimatic, and i would have liked to clip that
Thank you so much for this video. You have saved me.
Thank you for sharing very helpful
The Biochemistry of the Cells Is something missed by so many Brilliant lesson
ما اروووووعك جد شكرا ...thanks you are wosem
In regards to sleeping problems I think that food and herbs which increase GABA activity are a big piece of the puzzle, I have been experiencing insomnia for the past 3 years and have tried a Ashwagandha , Passion Flower and Chlorophyll combination which has been helping me sleep like a baby.
it's really good , it's the first time that i watch one of your vedios and i like it ,👌👏
Like your work, thanks for the effort
i'm taking benzos for panick attacks. This video has been very imformative
Fantastic! Incredible! Amazing! Astounding! Astonishing! Mighty! Marvelous! Better than Marvel's superheroes movies!
Simply better for understanding keep making more
I'm taking Golden Saffron GABA which made a huge difference to coming off tranquillisers. Only gripe is that they are so expensive but I think WELL WORTH the cost
Please I have a question first at all in all cases of anesthesia there's gaba? Second question it's at the same time in gaba sodium blocked and chloride goes in and potassium goes out?
Thank you for your education