In my 2-Minute Neuroscience videos I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this video, I discuss synaptic transmission. I describe the synapse, synaptic cleft, release of neurotransmitter and its interaction with receptors, and the ways neurotransmitter is cleared from the synaptic cleft.
For a more in-depth 10-minute video on synaptic transmission, watch this 10-Minute Neuroscience video: https://youtu.be/k5RafiYXieo
For more neuroscience articles, videos, and a complete neuroscience glossary, check out my website at www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com !
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss synaptic transmission.
Most communication between neurons occurs at a specialized structure called a synapse. A synapse is an area where two neurons come close enough to one another that they are able to pass chemical signals from one cell to another. The neurons are not actually connected, but are separated by a microscopically small space called the synaptic cleft. The cleft is less than 40 nanometers wide; by comparison a human hair is about 75,000 nanometers.
The neuron where the signal is initiated is called the presynaptic neuron, while the neuron that receives the signal is called the postsynaptic neuron. In the presynaptic neuron, there are chemical signals called neurotransmitters that are packaged into small sacs called vesicles. Each vesicle can contain thousands of neurotransmitter molecules. When the presynaptic neuron is excited by an electrical signal called an action potential it causes these vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft.
Once they are in the synaptic cleft, neurotransmitters interact with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. They bind to these receptors and can cause an action to occur in the postsynaptic cell as a result. This action may involve increasing the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell will become activated and itself fire an action potential, or decreasing it (inhibition).
Eventually, the neurotransmitter molecules must be cleared from the synaptic cleft. Some of them will simply drift away in a process called diffusion. In some cases, the neurotransmitter is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron in a process called reuptake. Once back inside the presynaptic neuron, the neurotransmitter can be recycled and reused. In other cases, enzymes break down the neurotransmitter within the synapse. Then the component parts can be sent back into the presynaptic neuron to make more neurotransmitter.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
مرحبًا بكم في علم الأعصاب لمدة دقيقتين ، حيث يمكنني
شرح مبسط لموضوعات علم الأعصاب في دقيقتين أو أقل. في هذه الدفعة
سأناقش انتقال متشابك. يحدث معظم التواصل بين الخلايا العصبية
في هيكل متخصص يسمى المشبك. المشبك هو منطقة يأتي منها عصبون
قريبة من بعضها البعض بما فيه الكفاية قادرة على تمرير إشارات كيميائية من خلية واحدة
إلى آخر. الخلايا العصبية غير متصلة في الواقع ، ولكن يتم فصلها بواسطة مجهر صغير
الفضاء يسمى الشق المشبكي. الشق عرضه أقل من 40 نانومتر ؛ بالمقارنة بشري
الشعر حوالي 75000 نانومتر. العصبو
ن حيث تبدأ الإشارة
تسمى الخلايا العصبية قبل المشبكية ، بينما العصبون الذي يستقبل الإشارة يسمى postynaptic
الخلايا العصبية. في العصبون قبل المشبكي هناك إشارات كيميائية تسمى الناقلات العصبية
التي يتم تعبئتها في أكياس صغيرة تسمى الحويصلات. يمكن أن تحتوي كل حويصلة على آلاف الناقلات العصبية
جزيئات. عندما يكون العصب العصبي قبل المشبكي متحمس بواسطة إشارة كهربائية تسمى
إمكانات العمل ، هذا يسبب الحويصلات لتندمج مع الغشاء قبل المشبكي و
إطلاق محتوياتها في الشق المشبكي. بمجرد أن تكون في الشق المشبكي ، الناق
لات العصبية
تتفاعل مع مستقبلات ما بعد المشبكية غشاء. أنها ترتبط بهذه المستقبلات و
يمكن أن يسبب إجراء في ما بعد المشبكية الخلية نتيجة لذلك. قد يشمل هذا الإجراء
زيادة احتمال أن ما بعد المشبكية سيتم تنشيط الخلية وإطلاق العمل
المحتملة ، أو تقليلها. في النهاية ، جزيئات الناقل العصبي
يجب مسحها من الشق المشبكي. بعض منهم سوف يبتعدون ببساطة في العملية
دعا الانتشار. في بعض الحالات ، الناقل العصبي يتم إعادته إلى الخلايا العصبية قبل المشبكية
في عملية تسمى إعادة امتصاص. مرة واحدة في الداخل العصب العصبي المشب
كي ، الناقل العصبي
يمكن إعادة تدويرها وإعادة استخدامها. في حالات أخرى، الانزيمات تكسر الناقل العصبي في الداخل
الشق المشبكي. ثم الأجزاء المكونة من الناقل العصبي يمكن إرسالها إلى
الخلايا العصبية قبل المشبكية لجعل الناقل العصبي أكثر.
Comments
Gonna have to start a petition to bring this guy in instead of my current useless biology teacher
lol literally watching this 2 min before an exam
Literally helped more then taking notes on my textbook for an hour
So straightforward this type of content should be paid to watch, thanks brother
This is something I have really struggled with in psychology. This has helped me to understand it a bit better. Thanks!
I have a test in like two hours and God sent you my way
Thank you for this video! Far more informative than the lecture slides I pay 9 grand a year for.....
I needed YouTube so bad when I was taken neuropsych! It seemed so hard then, now I love it! I actually understand everything he's saying.
Oh MY GOSH!!! You are the best at explaining these! Thank you soooo much! Helps tremendously with pathopsychology!
You have explained the ending part so good that my teacher hasn't told me about,thank you so much!
I had been confusing while reading textbook cuz I had thought that synapse is sort of chemical substance, but after I watched this video, I got whole idea of that. thank you for uploading.
I havent read my book and we have a quiz on physiology today.this is a life saver
bruh istg. the info i got from this video was more useful than my one hour of helpless searching on the interent. thank you bro u are a lifesaver
YOU ARE AMAZING! I'M taking neuroscience now and I am so happy I found this channel. IM UNDERSTANDING THE SUBJECT BUT THIS HELPS EVEN MORE. THANK YOU AND DONT STOP MAKING THESE AMAZING VIDEOS. ALSO NOT ONLY DO YOU EXPLAIN THINGS QUICKLY BUT YOU EXPLAIN THEM SO EASILY.
Very nice video! I was confused as to what was the difference between the synapse and synaptic cleft, and you cleared that up for me. Thank you very much!
Beautifully explained in just two minutes.
Synaptic transmission is fascinating and valuable knowledge. I'm glad this video exists.
You’re amazing with explaining and keeping it short and sweet
Thank you so much!! This has seriously helped me understand better than the textbook ever could!
Thank you for this! So much more prepared for my test in a few days