hello whizzes welcome to my channel today's topic is biology of nervous system the nervous system is a complex and highly specialized organ system responsible for coordinating and regulating various functions of the body it is composed of two main parts the central nervous system CNS and the peripheral nervous system pns let's explore the biology of the nervous system in detail central nervous system CNS the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord brain the brain is the cent
ral control center of the nervous system it is divided into several regions each with specific functions such as the cerebrum responsible for high higher cognitive functions cerebellum coordination and balance brain stem regulation of basic bodily functions and the lyic system emotions and memory spinal cord the spinal cord is a long cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the brain down to the lower back it serves as a relay Center for information between the brain and the rest of t
he body it also controls many reflex actions peripheral nervous system pns the peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves and ganglia clusters of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS sensory nerves these nerves carry sensory information EG touch temperature pain from receptors in the body to the SE CNS motor nerves motor nerves transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands allowing for voluntary and involuntary movements as well as the release of hormones autonomic nervous system ANS t
he autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate digestion and respiratory rate it is further divided into the sympathetic fight or flight and parasympathetic rest and digest divisions enteric nervous system ens enteric nervous system is a network of neurons in the digestive tract that regulates gut functions independently of the CNS neurons neurons are the primary functional units of the nervous system they are specialized cells that transmit electrical and c
hemical signals structure neurons consist of a cell body Soma dendrites receive incoming signals and an axon conducts signals away from the cell body myin sheets made of fatty substances insulate and speed up signal transmission along axons types of neurons there are three main types of neurons Sensory neurons receive sensory information motor neurons control muscle contractions and interneurons relay information between other neurons synapses neurons communicate with each other and with target
cells muscles or glands at Specialized Junctions called synapses neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across synapses nerve impulses nerve impulses or action potentials are the electrical signals generated by neurons they are crucial for transmitting information resting potential neurons maintain a resting membrane potential due to the uneven distribution of ions so pottassium chloride across their cell membranes action potential when a neuron is stimulated the membrane potentia
l changes resulting in an action potential that travels along the axon saltatory conduction in myelinated neurons Action potentials jump from one node of Ron to another significantly increasing the speed of signal transmission neurotransmission at the synapse neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron and bind to receptors on the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron this binding can either excite or inhibit the post synaptic neuron leading to the propagation or inhi
bition of the nerve impulse neuroplasticity neural plasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize Itself by forming new neural connections it underlies learning memory and recovery from injuries structural plasticity involves physical changes in neural Pathways while functional plasticity refers to changes in the strength of synaptic connections disorders and diseases various disorders and diseases can affect the nervous system including neurodegenerative diseases EG Alzheimer's Parkinson's neu
rological disorders EG epilepsy multiple sclerosis and psychiatric conditions EG depression schizophrenia in summary the nervous system is a highly intricate and essential part of the human body responsible for processing information coordinating bodily function ions and allowing us to interact with our environment its complex structure and functioning make it a fascinating area of study in biology and Neuroscience
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