Death by Lipstick: Secrecy, Sorcery & Satanic Rituals Behind Makeup |Dark History with Bailey Sarian

- What do Hitler, Queen Elizabeth, and Satanic rituals have in common? Lipstick. And listen to this, throughout history, wearing makeup has been illegal, associated with Satan, and at one point, wearing it was a great way to give a middle finger to the man. Yeah, baby! So let's tap into the magic of makeup and learn how something we don't even think twice about today started as something so sacred and even frowned upon it could even get you killed. Plot twist! (thunder rumbling) (spooky music) (

crow cawing) Hi, friends, I hope you're having a wonderful day today. My name is Bailey Sarian, and I'd like to welcome you to my podcast "Dark History." This is the chance to tell a story like it is and to share the history of stuff we would never think about. So all you need to do is sit back, relax, and let's talk about that hot, juicy history goss. Hi, my name is Bailey Sarian, and I love makeup. Hello? If you know me, you probably are aware of this. If you don't know me, hi, I'm Bailey, and

I love makeup. Ugh! I love it. I bathe in it, I wear it, I buy it, I kiss it, I am it. Thank you so much. Joan, who are you dressed up as today? (Joan caws and smooches) Oh, me? Oh my God, bitch. I don't look like that, oh my God. I look way better than that. My contour is always better, okay? Don't come for me. (Joan smooches) Now, I love makeup for many reasons, but mainly because it's truly an opportunity for me to, like, sit down, be alone in my own little world, in my own little head, and

just let my creativity run free. I get to be whoever I wanna be, and the makeup can help me achieve whatever look I'm going for. Like today. (hair swishes) I'm going for slutty but approachable. Anyways, what I'm getting at is it's a ritual that I will most likely never give up. So like me going from one look to the next, makeup has also gone through so many different identities. Now, there are tons of theories about why we wear makeup in the first place, but a few common themes tend to show up

from time to time. Throughout history, some version of redder lips, smooth skin, and, like, pink cheeks consistently pop up over and over again. And most of them boil down to some idea about health and fertility. Scientists think that people prefer red cheeks and lips because somewhere deep in our caveman brains, we think that it, you'd be a good mate, you know? Hey, you're healthy, you're horny, we should bang. (people moaning) What more could you ask for, you know? Whatever the reason, through

out all of history, we see people looking to accentuate their lips, cheeks, and eyes in all sorts of ways. So let's go back to ancient Sumeria, where makeup seems to have her origins. According to historians, the story of makeup started way back in 3500 BC with a queen named Puabi, who ruled over Sumeria, an ancient civilization in what is now Southern Iraq. See, in ancient Sumeria, red was associated with both fire and blood, which represented vitality and energy. So Queen Puabi had figured out

a way to paint her lips using a mixture of white lead and crushed-up red rocks. So we know she was a crafty lady. And this little mixture becomes known as lip paint. Yeah. The Sumerian people there are all talking amongst each other, like, "Oh my God, have you seen the queen's lips? Oh my gosh, beautiful, gorgeous, I want that, what is it?" Naturally, you know, rumors start going around, and the ladies are like, "Here's what she's using, you guys, I figured it out. It's lip paint." So then they

too all started using it. And pretty soon, all the Sumerian people were wearing lip paint. Men, women, girls, boys, ugh, you name it. I mean, I get it. Like, if the queen is using lip paint, I'm gonna use lip paint. Like, I want what she has. She's the queen. Lip paint became so important to the queen that she even had a special container for her product that she was eventually buried with because she loved it so much. And like, girl, same. Like, I'ma need two coffins, okay? 'Cause I've got som

e faves, I got a lot of faves. And if my attorney is listening, hi, it's me, Bailey, please make sure I'm buried with my MAC Lady Danger lipstick. Thank you so much, it's on the record. Eventually, you could tell someone's social status just by looking at their makeup. I mean, it really signaled how high up they were in the social pecking order, kind of like a designer bag but for your face, you know? I mean, it wasn't limited to just lip paint anymore, oh, nay nay. Because, look, we've seen the

se pictures. I know you're familiar. If you've seen any pictures of pharaohs, especially Cleopatra, you've probably noticed that these ancient Egyptians had a signature look. We love them, they've got the straight-across bangs, the white garments, sphinx cats just being cats, you know? (cat meows) Maybe a gold headpiece. And that signature charcoal black winged liner. (blows kiss) It's beautiful, it's iconic, and (snaps) they were showing up. Oh my God, no one asked them to look that bomb, but t

hey did, you know? Good for them. But there was an important reason why so much attention was paid to their eyes. The ancient Egyptians believed that the eyes were the most important organ of the body, which is why eyeliner wasn't just to make your eyes stand out, it was used for also spiritual protection. In ancient Egypt, men and women would paint their eyes with kohl liner to create something called the Eye of Horus. And it was believed if you wore the liner just like Horus, it would protect

you from any evil around. Turns out they would take these beautiful alabaster pots, really pretty, they would crush up some kohl, and then they would put some, like, oils in along with it, some animal fat. They would mix it all up until it was in, like, a paste. Then they would use a feather or a small stick or even like a good ol' finger, you know, to just smudge and wing that liner out. And there's a reason to believe that they actually had the right idea. Studies show that ancient eyeliner re

cipes contained ingredients now known to be helpful in preventing sunburns, infections, and actually it even improved eyesight. (snaps) Okay, ancient Egypt, just killing the game. So makeup, makeup was arriving, right? But as time goes on, ancient Egypt begins to fall, and the next major empire pops up in Greece. And the Greeks, mm, they have a very complicated love-hate relationship with makeup, yeah, to say the least. In the early days of the Greek Empire, beauty standards were all about fair

skin, dark eyes, and red cheeks. But there was a big pushback against makeup from some people. Not everyone over there was a fan. Many saw it as deceptive and honestly believed that women who wore lip paint, for example, were trying to trick men into sleeping with them. (record scratches) I know! I mean, hello? Spot on, sign me up. Thank you so much. But you know, sometimes you hear those dumb people saying, like, "Oh, take a girl swimming on the first date." (murmurs) It's like, shut the fuck u

p, Brad, okay? I don't wanna bone you. I wanna bone your brother, Stavos. He can take me swimming anytime. (crickets chirping) Okay, look, I'm getting off track. Back to the Greeks. Anyways, in ancient Greece, makeup was mostly worn by sex workers. Oh, yeah. So the sex workers, they leaned into it, okay? They're like, "Yeah, we are trying to sleep with the men and to make money," You know? And that's exactly what they're going for, so they're like, yeah, great! You know? And to them, I mean, the

y didn't give a rat's ass that society thought makeup was just for seducing men. That's exactly what they were going for. For them, looking made up literally translated to making money. (cash register dings) And once it became obvious that sex workers were, like, wearing makeup, mm, you know, those distinguished ladies were even more determined to avoid it almost completely. They didn't wanna be mistaken for a sex worker. (hair swishes) "I've got class, I'm Greek." That's how they talk, "I'm Gre

ek." So with all this in mind, we can see how makeup becomes extremely taboo in ancient Greece. Pretty soon, there's this huge divide between Greek women. The sex workers, and then, like, the prudes. Yeah. And painting your face pretty much became a sign that says, like, I'm open for business. (murmurs) Yeah, yeah. The connection between sex workers and makeup is actually so strong throughout so many different cultures that in Latin, the word prostitute and the word makeup became the same word.

Lenocinium. Makeup was seen as such a threat to society that under Greek law, sex workers who went out without their makeup, you know, to identify themselves, could be punished for, quote, posing as ladies. The Greeks kinda sucked, huh? They're so boring. Boo! So if you were a sex worker back then, you had to wear makeup by law because not wearing it meant that you're, like, disguising yourself as a respectable lady. I mean, that kinda sucks because it's fun to put on makeup, you know, when you'

re feeling good, whatever. But imagine if, like, the government started telling you that you actually couldn't leave the house without it. That would kinda get old real quick, I'm sure. Either way, around 700 BC, there's a huge shift in ancient Greek attitudes towards makeup. That's because trade routes were opening up worldwide, which gave the Greeks specifically access to different ingredients from across the globe. So, like, with these different ingredients, they could create better and more,

like, makeup products. So Greece started doing more business with other cultures, the economy was on the rise, and there was a cultural explosion. Lipstick went from being only for sex workers and foreigners to now an elite fashion choice. Lower class Greek women continued to avoid it, I mean, nothing changed for them, but for the one percenters, you know, the wealthy, makeup, especially lipstick, was suddenly cool again, mm. So then the year 150 BC comes around, and I guess, like, ancient Gree

ce, they're like donezo, fallen or whatever. And now, it's all about the Roman Empire, mm. And this is when makeup takes on a whole new life. This week's episode and your late night snacks are brought to you by DoorDash! Ugh, I love DoorDash. Look, it's finally time for pool parties, BBQs, and outdoor adventures, baby. Getting snacky? Well, with a DashPass membership from DoorDash, you can make your summer great with members-only offers, drops, and events from now until July 19th. With summer of

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hen you spend $15 or more on your next DashPass order when you download the DoorDash app and enter code DARKHISTORY. Don't forget that code, DARKHISTORY, for 50% off your next order. Subject to change, and terms, they apply. As the Roman Empire begins to expand, they take over more and more territory, and they establish their own new trade routes. All this trade makes the Romans wealthy, and suddenly they have some money just kind of laying around, I guess. As usual, the wealthy were looking for

ways to distinguish themselves from the poor. According to the book "A History of Makeup," quote, "Ideas of beauty from conquered peoples, especially the Greeks and Egyptians, greatly influenced the Roman paradigm of beauty," end quote. Okay, so there was this one Roman emperor, his name was Nero, okay? And he was known for being crazy. You know? Okay, great. And apparently, his wife was just as crazy too. She had over 100 servants working around the clock to keep her makeup looking good 24/7.

I guess it was pretty common amongst Romans to have enslaved people applying their makeup, but this woman, it was said that she was never seen without a painted face. But it's not just Roman women who were wearing makeup to look great, men took it in a more literal direction and wore lipstick to indicate where they ranked politically. I know, I was like, can you imagine if Brutus was wearing a bold red lip while murdering Caesar? (lips smacking) Fierce! Okay! I mean, we don't know, okay? I could

be right. Were you there? At this point, everyone was wearing lipstick. But the bad news, 'cause there's always bad news, is that the main ingredient of that lipstick, mm, was literal poison. Ah, yes. Wealthy Romans were getting that spicy red for their lips using something called vermilion, which they made from a bright red volcanic mineral called cinnibar. I know, it sounds, like, really beautiful, right? I was like, cinnabar? I love Cinnabon. But it's not the same. The problem was that vermi

lion, she's toxic. Super toxic. And I guess they were just smearing this toxin directly onto their lips, ah! And not just that, they were using it along with another plant-based chemical called fucus, which has mercury in it. Mercury, love that planet. Unfortunately, no one figured out it was poisonous until the 1920s. So, you know, that was a long time for them to be poisoning themselves. And actually, now that I think about it, the Romans were, yeah, they were long gone by that point, right? G

reat. And little did they know that vermilion could lead to kidney damage and even death. Meanwhile, they're all walking around like, "Oh my God, why does my lip hurt? What is causing this to just peel off? Hand me my lip paint, Brutus." Like, they had no idea. Their lips are peeling off and shit. They couldn't figure it out. They thought it was just chapped lips. Well, eventually the Roman Empire collapsed, yeah. I guess this was around the year 476. And when that happened, trade routes became

real dangerous because there were no Roman soldiers to protect them. So all businesses took a major hit, and ingredients from makeup stopped flowing into and out of Rome. Simply put, no safe trade routes equals no makeup. But, where there's a will, there's a way, baby! And makeup finds her way back into the picture in the Middle Ages. Ooh, fun! Until the Middle Ages, makeup has a pulse. People are dabbling, you know, playing with colors and pigments all over the world. But it was still pretty, i

t was pretty low key. But meanwhile in Europe, Christianity is growing and spreading, and with it, so is the virtue of purity and chasteness. (choir singing) So, as Christianity gains popularity, Europe engages in a series of wars called the Crusades, which reopens trade routes in contact with the Middle East, where makeup was still very much a thing. So merchants would travel up these trade routes, and they would, you know, start selling their makeup at fairs and at markets, and they would lean

in on the idea that makeup was magical, you know, as a way to push their product. You know, marketing! They're like, "Hey, yeah, this magic, it's gonna do shit for you. Good luck." By the 1300s, wealthy Europeans were hiring people known as alchemists to make their own makeup, which, shout out to Jiulia Tofanna, Aqua Tofanna, you know what's up, she was an alchemist. And I guess we can call her a makeup artist as well. Hmm! Anywho, but the rich would hire these alchemists to create their lip co

lor, and then once they were done, they would apply it while doing incantations. In other words, they were saying magic spells while applying the lipstick. Soon, people believed makeup could make you live longer and ward off death. And yeah, I mean, they started taking their glam seriously. "I don't wanna die. Paint that shit on, Barb." (smooches) You know? Now, surprise, surprise. The church was not a fan of any of this. I mean, living longer? Magically looking hotter? Sounds like witchcraft to

me. (witch laughs) And if there's one thing the church hated back then, ooh, it was a witch, or just women having fun. Church leaders said that, quote, "A woman who wore makeup was seen as an incarnation of Satan," end quote. I feel like that was a little drastic, but okay. The church believed that a woman altering her face in any way was a challenge to the Lord and his craftsmanship. (choir singing) You know, so just like the Greeks, they thought women were deceiving people by altering their a

ppearances. And just like that, (snaps) makeup becomes public enemy number one. The church, they start telling people that makeup is demonic, and they start putting out propaganda. Like, there were pictures of demons putting on lipstick to disguise themselves. Eye fucking roll, but okay. You know, obviously people are believing it, scary. But not everyone had to play by the church's rules, especially if you were the one making the rules. This next person, who was a powerful English royal, was ac

tually rumored to be a witch herself. Ooh! I'm talking about Queen a Elizabeth I. Yes, she was crowned in 1559, and her death would be a mystery for hundreds of years to come. This week, I'm excited to partner with Apostrophe, hi, to bring you a summer of healthy... ♪ Skin ♪ Thank you. (people applauding) The best part about living in Southern California is being so close to the beach. And during the summer, I spend as much time as I can avoiding the sun. Yeah, I do. But because, you know, the s

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hit works. Thanks, Apostrophe, for partnering with me on today's episode and throughout the years. We appreciate you. Now, Elizabeth had a nickname while she was on the throne. She was known as the Virgin Queen. I know, hot. I guess she got this nickname because she didn't wanna share authority with a man. Like, she never had kids, and she refused to get married. So, you know, yeah. But she was also called this because her skin was just perfect, like a perfect baby virgin angel. Precious! Her fl

awless look wasn't just because she was born with perfect skin. Elizabeth was a huge fan of makeup. Now, in the mid 1500s, Queen Elizabeth was the It girl, okay? She was known for so many things, including her glamour and elaborate outfits. People, they really looked up to her, you know? She set trends. Now, by the time she took power, England had relaxed its strictness about lipstick, and everyday people were using it all of the time. But Elizabeth took it to the next level. Let me tell you, so

mething not good happened to Miss Elizabeth. On October 10th, 1562, Queen Elizabeth, she wasn't feeling too great. At first, you know, she thought she had, like, a cold, right? (coughs) I'm sick. But then it turned into, like, a horrible fever, and people around her were like, "Something's not right, shit." So a doctor was brought in. He did some observations, ran some tests, and said three words to Queen Elizabeth. "'Tis the pox," meaning she had contracted smallpox. Oh, shit. The queen got so

sick she could barely even talk, and after seven days just laying in bed battling the pox, everyone thought that, like, low key, she was gonna die, mm-hmm. They were like, "Look, that bitch is a goner. I didn't say it, you didn't hear it from me." The royals even started talking about who was going to replace her and, like, take over the crown. It was like, you guys, she's not dead yet. Chill. Well, miraculously, Queen Elizabeth, she survived. Maybe lipstick is magic, I don't know. But what we d

o know is that all of this created a new problem for the queen. The smallpox that she had left Elizabeth with scars and pockmarks all over her face, and this just destroyed her self-esteem. I mean, her perfect, pure skin, the skin that she was famous for, was completely ruined. It was devastating to her. So, she started trying to find new ways to, like, cover up her scarred skin. Now, the fashion at the time was all about pale, white faces, because to the people, it meant you never had to lift a

finger or work outside or, you know, have the sun touch your skin, ew! So she used something called Venetian ceruse as her foundation, which was made with white lead and vinegar. Girl, that must have stunk! Well, she would slather this all over her face and neck, making her skin appear bright, smooth, and white. I mean, you're probably thinking like, aw, she probably looks so flawless. But in reality, that shit was caked! And of course she wanted to add a little color to the lips, a little red.

So she turned to that classic pigment we've been talking about, vermilion, which still had mercury in it, thank you so much. So, she had two dangerous toxic chemicals on her face: lead and mercury. And to preserve her beauty, Queen Elizabeth was accidentally poisoning herself. Now, when Queen Elizabeth applied her makeup, mm, she would leave it on her face for like a whole-ass week. She wouldn't wash it off, okay? She's allowing the chemicals to just soak in and get all up in there. And even wh

en she washed it off, her cleanser was made of rosewater, honey, eggshells, and mercury. (trombone toots) Yeah, I know, it started off pretty good. I was like, ooh, that sounds like a nice cleanser, rosewater, honey, eggshells, ooh! And then mercury, ah, fuck. You can't have it all, I guess. But as Queen Elizabeth got older, her health started getting worse and worse. I mean, lead poisoning leads to intense symptoms like stomach pain, headaches, sudden paralysis, confusion, and even crazy nausea

. I mean, all this was from the toxic poison she was putting on her face, but, you know, she didn't know that yet. And her health, it was getting worse and worse. And on top of that, her skin, it was getting real bad. You see, the lead makeup was making her skin peel and bleed. It was peeling off. It was burning off, slothing off. Slothing? (screen beeps) Slugging off. (screen beeps) It was coming off, bitch, and it was bleeding, okay? So it's just raw skin. So what does she do? (snickers) I kno

w what you're thinking 'cause I'm thinking it too, and she did just that. She uses more makeup to cover up the peeling and bleeding. So she's just slapping on more and more and more and sleeping in it, and then more. She had layers, okay? And then on top of that, she's got that red lipstick on to cover up all the sores on her lips. And she's caking that on too. And you know, look, she was just in a vicious cycle that she couldn't get out of. She was depressed, her memory was failing, and her hai

r was falling out. I mean, these were all symptoms of lead and mercury poisoning. Eventually, Queen Elizabeth died on March 24th, 1603. Now, it said that on the day she passed away, the lipstick she had on was half an inch thick! (crickets chirping) I sat with this, and I really thought about it. I really did. I was like, okay, show me what does half an inch look like. If you're seeing me on YouTube, like this thick was on her lips. And if you're listening on the podcast, half an inch thick. She

was just layering it. I mean, I've just got questions, I've got questions. And honestly, I would just wanna, like, scrape it off, (nail scratching) it'd be so satisfying. But I think her lip would probably come off with it, so. That's probably why it was so thick, anyways. Her exact cause of death is actually unknown, but many historians point to her deadly makeup regimen as her killer. Maybe! To this day, she is one of the most recognizable monarchs in British history thanks in part to her, fo

r better or worse, iconic makeup. And when you look at the picture of her, kinda low key, it's giving me, like, Pennywise but royal. (rain pattering) You know? (clown laughs) But even after all this, makeup stayed popular, and people all over England still believed in its magical powers. But here's the thing, Queen Elizabeth, well, she was a Protestant, and the Protestants were in a struggle for power with the Catholics. So after the Protestant queen dies, the Roman Catholic church sees, like, t

here's an opening to come and maybe seize some power. And with that, the Catholic church said using makeup was a mortal sin, mm! So women would go to confession to tell the priest that they had used lipstick. Like, "Forgive me father for I have sinned. Look, I popped into a Sephora really quick because I had a free birthday gift. I mean, it was free, father, I'm so sorry, forgive me." (record scratches) You know, you had to, like, confess for trying to look cute? Okay. Some historians report tha

t around this same time, English lawmakers got caught up in the makeup hysteria, and they too ended up passing a law. It said that if a woman used makeup to seduce a man into marrying her, it could be punished as witchcraft. (witch laughs) So let's just say, for shits and giggles, a guy was, like, getting sick of his wife. He could be like, "Yeah, Martha was wearing a lipstick when we dated, and she totally seduced me. I remember." And just like that, baby, you're a witch. Bye, Martha. (snaps) B

urned at the stake! (fire roaring) So round and round we go on the makeup is good/makeup is bad merry-go-round. But over in America, the Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s made it possible to mass produce beauty products. Now, this is a huge deal because it meant that makeup is now becoming, like, big business. And some historians refer to this time as the most important development in the history of cosmetics. Wow! An icon, a legend, she's arrived! So now that it's widely available, the st

age is set for makeup to really make her mark on the hearts and minds of America in the early 1900s. In the early 1900s, women, look, they had it pretty rough, okay? Women couldn't do anything. You couldn't smile, you couldn't smoke, you couldn't wear pants, you couldn't use vibrators, (vibrator buzzing) you know? And also, they didn't have the right to vote. Yeah, laundry list of things we couldn't do. And that whole no voting part created something called the suffrage movement. The suffrage mo

vement between 1910 to 1920 was all about women fighting for the right to vote. So these women were known for some pretty hardcore, like, protest methods to get their point across. I mean, everything from hunger strikes to chaining themselves to railings to smashing windows. I mean, all in the name of equality for women. So the suffragettes decided in the name of feminism to take makeup back and claim it as their own. Yeah! I feel passionate about lipstick! They started wearing red lipstick as a

symbol of their resistance. Now, when women wore red lipstick, it was seen as a form of protest. So the next time you put on a red lipstick, remember, you're doing it for the rights of women, or maybe you're just trying to get laid. Either way, good for you. After that, 50 million women across America started wearing red lipstick. I mean, it wasn't just about women's votes either, I think they just liked it. By the 1920s, red lipstick had become a big part of the flapper fashion. You know flapp

er fashion. Those cute headbands, and, like, they had the frills, the eyebrows, oh, love the eyebrows. So women, they wanted to shock older people who didn't believe in wearing makeup. Now, to them, it wasn't about beauty, it was about rebellion and reclaiming something that was kind of considered forbidden. And honestly, I love that, it's, like, kinda punk rock. Hell yeah, girls! So at the time, there were also just a lot of technological advances and there were factories going up, so I guess t

here was, like, a lot of pollution happening in the cities, like, high-volume areas. So, the stupidest thing happens. One of the marketing tactics to get women to buy lipstick was to convince them that it would stop germs from entering their body when they breathe through their mouths. The lipstick would prevent germs from the pollution from entering the mouth. Yeah. And I was like, just close your mouth. There you go, use your nose. You're welcome, America. I do it for you. We don't know which

tactic work, but we do know that thanks to the suffragettes, makeup got a huge boost in sales. In fact, for years, cosmetics was the biggest industry in the United States right after cars, movies, and bootleg liquor. Honestly, those are all the things you need in life. Cars, movies, bootleg liquor, and makeup. I love it. And by this point, makeup's popularity as a mass-produced product was officially here to stay. Even after the stock market crashed in 1929, triggering the Great Depression and l

eaving millions of people struggling to find work, over 58% of women had at least one tube of lipstick. Now, there are reports that women applied lipstick more regularly than they were brushing their own teeth. (toothbrush brushing) (person spits) I could see that. But the Great Depression was so bad that America stopped production on over 50% of its products simply because people didn't have disposable income anymore. But the cosmetic business, whoo, she only got bigger. It's been reported that

cosmetics was one of the few industries that actually grew during the Great Depression. In fact, right in the middle of all this, makeup icons Revlon and Almay opened up for business. Now, it proves something sociologists call the lipstick theory. This theory says that people are willing to sacrifice big expenses for small luxuries. Like, you know, you may not be able to afford a new car, but at least you can feel better about yourself because you got this new lipstick. The lipstick trend conti

nued into World War II in the 1940s, especially after the world found out that Adolf Hitler hated red lipstick, which is, like, the most random fact, but he did, I guess Hitler believed that the ideal Aryan woman had a pure, unscrubbed face and shouldn't wear excessive cosmetics, especially red lipstick. So women all around the world proudly wore red lipstick as an act of defiance against the war and fascism. And honestly, I guess they wanted to feel patriotic as well. Like they're wearing a red

lip, and they're like, "Hey Hitty! Don't you want me, Hitty? Hey!" (smooches) You know? Just pissing him off. He hated it. I think Hitler was probably just jealous 'cause he wanted to wear it. (lips smacking) It's usually the case. So yeah, all of this makeup used during the war was seen as a great way to boost morale. Oh, and it boosted morale all right. So much so that the American government even asked a famous cosmetic maker, Elizabeth Arden, to create a lip and nail color for the women ser

ving in the military. I'll give you one guess what that color was. (bright music) No guesses? (buzzer buzzes) All right, it was red. Come on, it was red. But side note, Elizabeth Arden is such an iconic makeup line, you guys have no idea, oh my God, I should do a whole video on her. She deserves it. Anyway, makeup brands encouraged the patriotic use of makeup because it was ultimately just good for business. They even released lipstick colors with strong names like Victory Red. And get this, red

lipstick was even mandatory to wear for women who joined the US Army. And when the 1950s rolled around, makeup for women was basically not optional, especially for young women who had money. (cash register dings) Makeup once again was a symbol of, like, your place in the world, you know. You had your shit together, you were the picture perfect representation of feminine ideals. A lot of pressure. And in the 50s, some surveys reported that almost all American women wore lipstick. And since there

was an economic boom at this time, people had, you know, a little bit of extra cash to play with. So women weren't just buying one tube of red lipstick or, like, an eyeshadow either. They were buying different shades, different colors. They were coordinating with their outfits. Blue eyeshadow, blue shirt, bitch, come for me. Yeah, it was no more, like, one size fits all. It was about having a little bit of fun. Lots of mixing and matching and just doing your thing. And for some jobs, like if yo

u were a flight attendant or even a secretary, you would be required to wear makeup. You know, it was just enforcing gender roles within the workplace. Like, women wore lipstick and did the typing, (typewriter clacks) and men wore suits and cheated on their wives. In the 1970s, makeup took on a whole new identity, okay? It still had that same defiant vibe, but in the 70s, American culture was shifting, and people were taking a stand for tons of social issues. And makeup was right there along for

the ride. Makeup became a hot button social issue. It was no longer a thing just for the proper lady, and it was no longer just, like, red lipstick. Now there were different colors available like purple and black, and people were wearing it, you know? During this time, the rise of rock and roll and punk rock kind of came to the scene, and singers were now wearing makeup to show that they were rebelling against social norms. Now, this made people a little, mm, uncomfortable! They don't like that

. Purple lipstick? Why, God, why? What about the children? And then, a bunch of famous men decided, "Hey, that whole makeup thing? Let's get in on it!" This week, I'm excited to partner with Rocket Money to help you save money. (cash register dings) Recently, I was going through my bank statements, and I was like, "Wow! 12.99, I wonder what that was for." And I was saying this over and over again. And when you're trying to, like, save money, that's just not the way to do things, huh? Well, that'

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ything looks off. I mean, over 3 million people have used Rocket Money, saving the average person up to $720 per year! I love that! With all that money, what would you do, Joan? (Joan caws) You'd fly around and steal nuts? All right. Hey, stop throwing your money away. Cancel unwanted subscriptions and manage your expenses the easy way, by going to rocketmoney.com/darkhistory. That's rocketmoney.com/darkhistory. Rocketmoney.com/darkhistory. Now let's get back to the story, huh? So America in the

70s, you know, makeup was, it was a very gendered, ladies-only thing at this point, and that when men did it, people fuckin' flipped their tables, lost their shit, pulled off their wigs, raging with forks. What are those called? Pitchforks. Murdering people. You know, just freaking out because there were celebrities like David Bowie, who, like, came onto the scene and started using makeup. It was like a way to express himself and stand out, really. And many men were doing just this. But America

didn't get that. She's so annoying. America. (laughs) The globe! So annoying, everyone's so judgmental. Remember Prince? Hope you remember Prince, but he had some fierce eyeshadow, okay? I mean, he was a sex symbol, okay, okay? Yes, okay? I mean, everything became about being bold and different and breaking free from what society expected of you. And at the same time, when the feminist movement was happening, there was actually a push to swing the complete other way by not wearing makeup. Again

, makeup, no makeup, makeup, no makeup, like, aren't we tired? Just let the people live. Geez. There were protests about how the beauty industry was actually degrading to women. Because of this anti-makeup movement, the cosmetic industry was scrambling and, like, losing money fast. So they poured tons of money into creating products that gave you the, quote-unquote, natural makeup look, labeling it as the makeup of liberated women. The problem of making this natural look makeup for liberated wom

en is that these companies didn't mean, look, they didn't mean all women, okay? They meant only white or light-skinned women. For decades, women of color were left out of the cosmetics industry. I mean, the darkest shade at the time was for olive skin tones, and that wasn't even widely available in most stores. Long before the 70s, in the late 1800s, there was an entrepreneur named Madam CJ Walker, and she was a trailblazer. I mean, seriously, like, ahead of her time, a complete icon. In the yea

rs after the Civil War, she created a cosmetic and haircare line specifically for Black women. Her products were so successful that Miss CJ Walker became the first female millionaire in America. (snaps) (people applauding) That's some boss-ass shit right there. And after CJ died in 1919, her company continued, but the only way women of color could get makeup in darker shades was to order it from a catalog, which if you know anything about color matching a foundation, you know, picking a shade ou

t of a catalog, ugh, that ain't it. That's not gonna work. I mean, what was their return policy? You know? It's not realistic. But all that changed when one day a woman named Eunice Johnson decided to do something about it. You see, Eunice went to a charity fashion show, and while she was there, she went backstage to, like, check out, you know, just what was going on behind the scenes. While she's back there, that's where she noticed the models with darker complexion were doing something differe

nt than the lighter complexion models. They were taking all the makeup that was available to them and just mixing it in hopes to match their skin tone. And a light bulb went off (light bulb dings) in Eunice's head. Look, there's an opportunity here to get women of color products that they can actually use, right? Geez Louise. In 1973, Eunice launched Fashion Fair Cosmetics. Fashion Fair had these face powders that had warmer, golden undertones to it so it wouldn't leave darker complexions lookin

g powdery, you know? The lipsticks came in these deep undertones that actually complemented darker skin, and the best part was no one had to DIY their makeup. It already complemented lots of different skin tones, and for once, not just the white skin. Ebony Magazine, a very popular magazine written by and for mostly Black Americans, started working with Fashion Fair, and this endorsement made Fashion Fair the go-to place to get makeup for Black women and other women of color. The company made it

their mission to not just sell makeup, but to really give back to the community as well. Fashion Fair supplied makeup for Ebony Magazine fashion shows. The day before each show, makeup artists and models would host live tutorials at local department stores so people would know, like, what to buy and how to use it, which is like the most important part. You could sell me products all day, but how do I use this shit, Martha? Now, because of this, it was really a very inviting, educational, and ju

dgment-free zone. So women just flocked to these events. This interactive, immersive strategy really paid off big time, and according to Vogue, by the late 1980s, Fashion Fair products were being carried in over 1,500 department stores across America, and their sales were going through the roof. And not only that, but over 50 years, Fashion Fair was able to donate more than $60 million to African-American charities and college scholarships. Today's a different story. The makeup industry is worth

over $100 billion worldwide. (cash register dings) Okay? Now, I think that really says something about how much makeup, like, means to us. We've come a long way from vermilion and lead, right? Now we got fragrance and other crap that's killing us. Love that. (snaps) America. Hey, do you remember 2008? (crickets chirping) No? Okay. There was a horrible recession. Yeah, it sucked. It was kind of like our own little mini Great Depression. The cosmetic industry, once again though, in 2008, they thr

ived. And we have to think, like, why? If times are tough and budgets are getting tighter, why do we always keep going back to makeup? Well, of course I came with an answer. Don't be silly. It's because we wanna trick men into marrying us. Hello? Hi? I mean, we are nothing without our male counterpart. (chuckles) (gasps) Who are we? Just women? (scoffs) We're so dumb. Or maybe it's because we just feel like getting dolled up and, like, I don't know. I don't know, you guys. Don't come for me for

answers even though I told you I had one. You're welcome. So if I'm being serious, okay. I personally think it's actually really simple. For those of us who like to wear makeup, it has a noticeable effect on our moods. Have you noticed? Like, when you put on the look, you kind of, you feel good, You carry yourself a little bit differently. I mean, makeup gives some of us a little more confidence in our lives. I mean, it's there for us. Shitty boyfriend? Well, guess who's there for you? Lipstick.

Awful kids? Well, guess what? Fuck them, lipstick. No car? Lipstick. Just ride that to work. (car vrooms) (giggles) Plus, now there's a lot more inclusivity in makeup lines than ever before, I mean, even compared to just 15 years ago. But it's safe to say there's still a lot of work to do. According to consulting firm McKinsey, Black brands make up only 2.5% of revenue in the beauty industry today. But in our lives today, when it comes to applying the makeup itself, thankfully there are so many

more resources to figure out how to use it. I mean, I remember buying, like, my very first eyeshadow palette from Rite Aid and just really hoping for the best with that little sponge. I'm like, (murmurs) no, that looks good. And then put eyeliner, black eyeliner down here for some reason. Not sure, but I owned it. But now there are hundreds of thousands of tutorials available to you. I mean, seriously, we got, like, 12-year-olds out here teaching people how to cut creases and do some fluffy soa

p brows. I'm like, wow, I'm learning so much from you, kid! Love it! I mean, I guess those 14th century alchemists were indeed correct when they said makeup was magic. I mean, it brings us together, it really does. It makes us feel good. It helps balance the chaos of our daily lives. Does it? I think it does. Blush balances the chaos, I say. Honestly, for me, makeup is kind of like therapy, which actually makes sense because the amount of money I spend on makeup keeps me in therapy. (chuckles) F

or me, what got me really into makeup was when I realized that it was very similar to painting. You see, in college, I was in a bunch of art classes, and I loved oil painting, and I would learn about underpainting. And then once I realized that the same techniques were used in makeup, it was like the stars all aligned and everything made sense to me. I was like, oh my God, I love this. Oh, it's so fun! You can change or enhance or cover up or look natural or wear nothing at all. Take care of you

r skin with skincare treatments. I mean, I don't know what it is, but it's therapeutic, it's fun. And honestly, you guys, it's just makeup. It washes off. So it's like, play a little bit. When do you ever get to play? I usually set some time to myself where I literally will just play with makeup with no pressure for some great end result, I'll just start blending and trying the eyeshadow colors that I never use. I don't know, I find it fun, and I suggest just take five minutes to play a little b

it, why not? Okay, not 5, I think you need about 15. Maybe 30. Highly recommend. Playing with makeup, I mean, I guess it really is magic. You can create whatever it is you envision, just like art. Bitch! (snaps) I'm writing a book, okay? That was deep. ♪ I'm proud to be an American ♪ (singing in gibberish) I don't know the words. ♪ There's a lot of makeup ♪ ♪ And the economy goes to shit ♪ ♪ We love lipstick ♪ (cymbals crashing) ♪ Don't we ♪ Okay, I'll stop. Well, everyone, what did we learn tod

ay? Mm-hmm? Ah, really? That's what you learned? Wow! Well, I learned that even when the economy goes to shit, for some reason, (tsks) we still have just enough money, just enough money set aside for a new lipstick. (lips smacking) Well, thank you for learning with me today. Remember, don't be afraid to ask questions to get the whole story, because you deserve that. I'd love to hear your guys' reactions to today's episode, so make sure to use the hashtag #darkhistory over on social media so I ca

n follow along. Also, join me over on my YouTube where you could watch these episodes on Thursday after the podcast airs. And while you're there, you can also catch my "Murder, Mystery & Makeup." Ain't that funny? I hope you have a good rest of your day. You make good choices, hmm? And I'll be talking to you next week. Goodbye! (hair swishes) "Dark History" is an Audioboom Original. This podcast is executive produced by Bailey Sarian, hi! Dunia McNeily from 3 Arts, Kevin Grosch and Matt Enlow fr

om Made In Network. A big thank you to our writers, Joey Scavuzzo, Katie Burris, Allison Philobos, and me, Bailey Sarian, writers assistant, Kasey Colton, production lead, Brian Jaggers. Research provided by the Dark History Researcher Team. Special thanks to our expert, Emilie Takayama. And I'm your host, Bailey Sarian. Now go play with some makeup, it washes off. Live a little. (spooky music)