in 2019 the Motion Picture Association reported an earning of 100 billion US an enormous industry generating Global success this video will take you through the history from the earliest films through the development of style masterpieces of genres and contemporary Marvels hopefully to show the roots of what is now a100 billion industry it all starts on a bridge in leads England with Lou Le Prince's 1888 film traffic Crossing El lead's Bridge the first true motion picture that was shot and shown
to the public this came alongside the production of the world's first lightweight camera and the copyright of Kodak from here there was A Rush of excitement between inventors and they struggle to be the first to capture and recreate moving images famous inventor Thomas Edison released the earliest copyrighted film record of a sneeze in 1894 and in the same year the equally famous film the arrival at chain at Leota station by The Lumiere Brothers has viewers jumping out of their seats in Fright
that the flickering black and white train was going to plunge into the audience films at this point were shot with a static wide frames where the camera would be set up and the actors would perform within space much like theater this Lent itself well to Comedy and physical humor but Soviet Russian filmmakers began playing with handheld cameras and experimental shots from the early 1920s in Russia the man behind the camera was evolving into the creative author of the visual Sergey eisenstein and
Edward T became one of the first to create avanguard theater camera operator T was reportedly unfappable under pressure and approached his work with painstaking temperament and eisenstein had the ability to envisage impressionistic potential spontaneously the Mist sequence in Battleship pkin was a perfect example of how the Pair worked together to create a summer mood through a Ser with images at a harbor shot against daylight which included motionless Birds Eerie silent ships and drifting Yacht
s Sur by pale water according to Cavendish eisenstein had originally thought to shoot a scene reflecting a port in morning which would be out of focus as if seen through tears as eisenstein and te rode through the harbor they quickly changed their focus and captured the Eerie images not even sure that they would develop accurately with the poor lighting he and eisenstein's partnership was described as one of the Miracles of film history while critics and audiences loved eisenstein's inventive St
yle his superiors found him more and more subversive Daran himself was not happy with the avanguard nature of eisenstein's films eisenstein who was a firm supporter of the Soviet Union was in two fields in Russia he was criticized relentlessly by his comrades but the rest of the world held him a genius paramont briefly employed eisenstein in America but the scrutinous public opinion of the Soviet Union led to eisenstein being fired less than a year after his contract this began the downfall of e
isenstein as he struggled to produce films in either America or his home country back in the Soviet Union Stalin was suppressing any experimentation in films and thus the Golden Age of Soviet Cinema concluded after years of struggle eisenstein died at the age of 50 from a heart attack in 1948 similar to the Soviet Union Germany was having its own Golden Age after World War I the government gave up any Financial investment in the German film industry after their defeat and Gothic horror fantasy b
ecame International success after Paul Vagner the golum in 1915 Robert Vines the cabinet of Dr Calgary featured deliberate Distortion of perspective and dimension which was Radical at the time and gave a twisted appearance the sets were made up predominantly of sharp edges and curving lines the streets were made to look narrow and spiraling vut also used expressionistic lighting removing heavy lighting to create a sense of Darkness but also using light to intensify distortions such as shining a
light directly into a character's face heavy with makeup to create an eerie glow as well as create a shadow on a wall of two figures struggling rather than actors themselves these were bold and knew at the time and found intense idolization from audiences in Japan yasahiro U was beginning his career in the 1920s called the most Japanese of directors his style was notable for his use of placing the camera between the actors during dialogue so the camera was directly on the speaker to create the e
ffect of being part of the conversation he rejected the use of f and dissolves and CHS instead shots of static objects such as buildings where the next scene would take place to ERS transitions to create a dreamlike quality his invention of the tatami shop was to place the camera at a low level of someone kneeling on a tatami mat sometimes he would film even lower than this in the United States there had been a resistance to adding sound to films by Studios as they knew it would have an immeasur
able change there was a culture Studios trying not to move against stat quo until Warner Bros risked everything they had on a sound Tois film called The Jazz Singer in 1927 the resulting excitement from the public forced the Studio's hand into embracing the new era for those that had become famous in silent films and didn't have a good voice their career was effectively over John Gilbert who had a perception of being a dashing romantic hero turned out to have a high T of voice that didn't mesh w
ith his image Studios knew there would have to be a standard method and in 1930 there was a rare Act of unanimity as Studios voted between sound on film and sound on dis resulting in the former as standard and by 1931 all of the nation's theaters were sound capable the Wall Street crash in 1929 started the era of the Great Depression which while bad for everyone else was incredible for the film industry and escape from the cold the confinement of homes or The Melancholy of real life America floc
ked to the cinema at least once a week and some stayed in theaters all day watching films over and over again this began the studio system where film making became more Factory than art celebrities and sets were alphabetized by rank a for top cast directors and extended shooting programs B for films shot in a couple weeks on readymade sets and C for pictures that were mostly program Western cartoons and serials shot in days on minimal budgets everyone was on contract aist Stars had brawling Esta
tes loaned out by Studios to live in with cat meals and morality causes that stopped them from having wild parties and scandalous Affairs armies of decorators costume designers and prop makers were Round the Clock Studios created a star Factory where performers were given seven-year contracts singing dancing and acting classes and guided through minor roles until their big break that might never come and during which they could be dropped at any time for anything however there were problems with
sound early microphones had to have performers stand as close as possible which meant little movement resulting in static films audiences quickly grew tired of films while talking was the sole attraction alongside this ker came into fashion with mulan's Becky sharp being the first technicala feature film this did not increase creativity as technicala company forced anyone who wanted to use their technology to use their own cameras and cameramen and also employ their color coordinator Natalie cm
us the Creator's wife whose responsibility it was to make sure technical assured itself in the best advantage and would pull the plug on any project to which the director argued this is where we get color films with the intense vibrancy of Gone With The Wind and The Wizard of Oz in 1935 as a whole the 1930s and 1940s was a film Factory with individuality tolerated only as long as it kept the studio in the public imagination World War II started in 1939 and the world of film had to respond just l
ike with the Great Depression Hollywood helped to create an escape through upbeat flicks propaganda and War films Casablanca 1942 is a famous wartime film though the directorial style was not the focus as director Michael Curtis wanted to focus on Story one of romance suspense and political Intrigue cinematographer Arthur Edison spent a lot of time on Leading Lady ingred Bergman to make her look Angelic and nostalgic he used a Gau filter to soften her features and catch lights to reflect In Her
Eyes in France Jean coku director of leun poet in 1930 used trick photography such as splicing negatives photograph insertion reverse and slow motion and Camera CS to add effects like people disappearing or a mouth appearing in her hand cogu chose to stay in Paris during its nzi occupation to work on his art he managed to gain friendships with the Nazis and French Resistance and came to the end of the war unscathed few filmmakers stayed in France during the occupation and any CER at the time was
purely intended as escapism while Henry Jes close made leu in 1943 which documented how a series of malicious letters caused inhabitants of a small French Village to terrible misfortune he was banned after the war for a supposedly anti- French film but would go on to create Le and Le diabolic in the 1950s for Germany reichen created in 1933 by Joseph goal dictated what could and could not be shown in film a year into its creation a law was pass that made it illegal for Jews to work in cinema Na
zi propaganda film such as a woman of no importance 1936 and youth 1938 which vly supported Nazism were released the Eternal Jew 1940 was made by France hippler which suggested that to cure the Jewish problem they must be eliminated is possibly the viest piece of Cinema to be created and paved the way for the Holocaust out of the war came neoliberalism stories set amongst the deprived and shot on location with post-war cities as the backdrop starting with Roberto rosalini's 1945 film Rome Open C
ity by 1944 there was little of the Italian film industry left but rosalini began filming in January 1945 under tremulous circumstances with the neorealistic style developing out of environmental necessity without money to build set the stock was provided by a signal Corp who gave rolini roles of film that would otherwise have been thrown out due to being scratched or fogged for Hollywood the studio system was under collapse from 1944 as the Supreme Court ruled that indefinite lengthening of con
tracts was now illegal actors would now have to know when their contract was finished and with this new Freedom could now be choosy with their careers and look for better project another ruling in 1947 stopped the practice of block booking which forced actors into inferior films in order to get the chance of the more desirable films technicala and Kodak were stopped from having a monopoly over col motion production which meant more freedom for directors in today's film industry directors such as
Quenton tartino James Cameron Martin Scorsese and Christopher Nolan being such big household names it's hard to imagine a time when directors were relatively minor roles behind the actors screenwriters and Camera Crews French Journal kah to cinema was the first suggest that the director might be the most important person involved in film making sometimes called AA Theory looking into the Artistic Styles of directors such as Hitchcock Wells and Ford still respected names today kah pinpointed the
ir distinctive visual style and thematic interest franois truo wrote an essay that criticized directors that would merely adapt literally work and suggested that personal Works made for better films a new generation directors manifested in the mid 1960s to 1970s to form the new Hollywood era in which directors could take more risks and add more individual flare one of these directors is the still famous Martin scorsi who brought his taxi driver in 1976 featuring high contrast of strong colors an
d complex camera work the new Hollywood movement brought a new approach to editing the opposite to classical editing discontinuity editing seeks to over convention using shots that Del liely seem confusing visible jum Cuts in which weeks or months can go by between shots can be seen in Taxi Driver the main character Travis can't conform and feels lonely to feature this he is isolated wherever possible in frames the use of the camera work is designed to segregate the character from others this is
reflected in the scene where Travis is rejected by Betsy while he is on the phone the camera begins to push away from Travis and further down the Eerie empty hallway as if even the camera is embarrassed to watch often the Travis is the only character in focus with the background behind him out of focus to further isolate him Jaws 1975 by Steven Spielberg and Star Wars 1977 by George Lucas bought the concept of Blockbusters to audiences High action but little depth they were designed for Escapis
t entertainment this Blockbuster formula brought a more sustainable audience for Hollywood the marketing of George as a Summer Event created a gold which culminated in Star Wars as the peak of the box office triggering rewatches that would see viewers return to the film and its sequels multiple times films like ET the Extraterrestrial 1982 also by Spielberg was a more sentimental Blockbuster for the family viewing while Schindler's List 1993 showed that Spielberg could direct with more depth and
emotion rather than just Mindless excitement it was the most mature of any of Spielberg's previous repertoire shot in black and white to red remin the World War II era splashes of color are used for effects the beginning of the film begins in color with a family gathered in prayer and as the prayer ends the color drains away when Shindler allows his Jewish workers to Mark the Sabbath the film remains in black and white but the candle is shown in color reflecting the symbolic hope that the praye
r brings the girl in a red coat marches through a chaotic crowd with unsubtitled German shout in the background among scenes of people being shot strip naked and beaten Shindler follows her from her top of Hillside as she makes her way along the streets and as she hides under her bed her coat turns gray it starts as a symbol of childhood and the strength of life and later when her body is found in a wheelbarrow the red is blood and death Quenton Tarantino made a name for himself in Hollywood wit
h his complex and violent film Pulp Fiction 1994 Dynamic camera movements such as tracking shots close and wide shots create a sense of emergency to engage the viewer known for unconventionality Tarantino chooses to negate the use of establishing shots which were frequently used in Hollywood this draws the viewer's attention toward the dialogue as a clue for the context of the scene and brings the audience close to the characters and the action a sense of unease is created by lingering close-up
shots as well as the use of shallow focus in atypical ways such as during dialogue shots from behind someone's head usually has a person close to the camera in Focus but when butches talking to marcelus the back of Marcel's head is in Focus while Butch's face is blurred conversations are usually short over the shoulder but tarantina rejects conventional antagonists and works to blur the lines on who the audience should align themselves with such as during Vincent and JW's conversation which is s
tart entirely from the back so their facial expressions cannot be seen in response to the mass cultural trauma of the September 11th 2001 terrorist attack Hollywood became more overt in its political films controversy fueled many box office successes Fahrenheit 911 became the most profitable documentary in history with its peak into the bush administration's preparations for the Iraq War and religious drama Passion of Christ came out in the same year to great success in the digital domain comput
er generated imagery or CGI began to take over starting with Michael kron's Westworld in 1973 is James Cameron's use of extensive CGI for terminat 2 Judgment Day in 1981 that brought the new Technology's potential to light for studios and his later film Avatar 2009 over 18 years later brought the peak of CGI technology with its Wall to--all special effects creating an entire scenes made up of 3D graphics and green screen with Toy Story in 1995 came the invasion of CGI into animated films which w
ould one day cause the complete abandonment of traditional drawn cartoon Lord of the Rings 2001 was the first to have a CGA character completely replace and act his visual with Golem George Lucas himself stated that he would no longer use film as digital was far superior but with digital cinema came the chance for independent filmmakers to create works as Digital Imaging allowed for quicker and more efficient filming Christopher Nolan became Cinema's most accomplished artist with the Dark Night
being a huge success both financially and critically and Interstellar in 2004 using mind-blowing visual effects to create stunning imery which brought with it more critical Acclaim for the director the largest trend of the 21st century is the rise of the superhero Batman Spider-Man Iron Man began to grab audience attention in 2006 but dominated the box office by 2016 CGI made nothing impossible and humans could be seen performing super feeds unrealistic for older Cinema since the late 19th centu
ry moving pictures have had a tight grip on Western entertainment easier to digest and reading and far more accessible than theater the evolution of Cinema has seen a rise and fall Studio control imagination and capitalism previous images will continue to influence future filmmakers and as Society moves moving picture will move with him
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