How TO install Debian 12 BookWorm On M1/ M2 Mac || RUN Debian 12 Natively on Apple silicon MACS

In this video, I am going to show how to install Debian 12 BookWorm Bare Metal ON M1  or M2 Macs. Thanks to Asahi linux, more linux distributions are being ported  to run natively on Apple silicon Macs. Keep in mind that, unlike the Fedora Asahi remix, Debian 12 is not officially supported. It's an  experimental project developed by a maverick engineer. Therefore I strongly advise trying  Debian 12 bare metal on a nonproduction Mac and backing up any important data.  That being said, let’s get s

tarted. For demonstration purposes, I will be  using My Base M1 MacBook Air. However, the process remains the same for any compatible  Apple silicon Mac. Before installing Debian 12, check out this URL for detailed  information and device compatibility. To install Debian 12 as a dual boot on  an M1 or M2 Mac, reserve at least 30GB of free space or more and ensure your  Mac is running macOS 13.5 or higher. First, Open a terminal and enter  the following command to view the drive information. Take

a screenshot of  the internal disk for later reference. Now, remember your macOS username  in my case it's m1mac. Then, open a browser, and visit the provided URL. If you see the instructions here, the Mac  needs to boot into recovery from where you can run a script Using the terminal. I tried  this method and it’s not working for me, so I am following the fedora asahi remix approach. Simply Copy a specified line of code and  paste it into the terminal. Ensure your Mac is connected to a faster

internet  connection to download Debian 12. You will see the version of the Asahi installer  and be promoted to enter the sudo password. Type r, to resize the macOS  partition. You can shrink the free space from your existing partition  by entering the size in percentage. In my case, my Mac has a free  space of 160GB, out of which, I will allocate and type 70% for  macOS and 30% for Debian Linux. As you can see, the installer has allocated  75 GB of free space. Type Y to continue. Now, press the

enter key to proceed.  You will see the allocated free space. Then type f to install Debian into that  free space. The installer will give you options to choose the Desktop. For  now, select the minimal edition. Choose option 1 to install the CLI  version of Debian 12 without any desktop. Confirm the installer to use the  allocated free space by typing Max. Now, name the Debian OS, and press  enter to start the installation. This process will take around  15-30 minutes, so sit back, relax, and

grab some drinks. Once  the installation is complete follow the instructions for step number 2 to  complete the installation of Debian Linux. Read these instructions and follow them carefully,  then press the enter key to shut down your Mac. Wait for at least 30 seconds. Then, press  and hold the power button until you see a message saying “loading startup options”.  This will take you to the One True Boot, which shows all the bootable Volumes  that have an operating system. Using the arrow keys

or mouse cursor, select Debian Linux and press the  enter key to boot into macOS recovery. Choose the username and enter the password  you use to log into macOS. Now press enter to continue. Type the password and set the system  into permissive mode. Authorize the installer by typing the username and password of the macOS  administrator to change the boot policies. Voila, now you can see the installation is  complete. Press the enter key to reboot. This will boot your Mac into Debian  12 which

is running on bare metal. Press the enter key to see the login prompt. If you notice there’s no GUI, don’t  worry, we will fix that in a moment. First log in as root. Then type  passwd to set the root password. Once it’s done type this command and press enter. It’s time to connect to wifi, to do type nano  /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf look for the SSID, and provide your wifi network  name within the double quotes. Then set the wifi password and save the changes by  pressing CTRL + O a

nd Ctrl + x to exit. Now type this command to connect to wifi. Once  it’s done, you can run the ping command to check the status of the internet connection.  As you can see the packets are received. Now type this command and uncomment  this line to enable WIFI during the boot. Once it’s done, save the changes. It’s time to create a new user.  To do so type this command, by replacing the appropriate  parts with your information. Then set the password for the  new user by typing this command. Once

it’s done, let's set up the  Desktop environment. I am going to install the KDE Plasma desktop  & SDDM login manager by running this command. Once it’s done, type this  command to enable the SSDM services. Now go ahead and restart your computer.  Voila, now you see the GUI Desktop. As you can see the internet works out of the  box. The first thing to do after installing Debian with GUI is to add the standard user to  the sudoers list. Open the terminal, Log in as the root user using the command

“su” and enter  the root password you set during the installation Open the sudoers file by  typing “nano /etc/sudoers“. Scroll to the end of the file and add a  line with your username next to the root user exactly as shown here.  USER_NAME ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL Save the changes by pressing Ctrl  + O and exit by pressing Ctrl + X. Type “exit” to return to your user account. You  should now be able to use the “sudo” command. To switch between macOS and Debian, first shut  down your Mac. Once it comp

letely goes black, press and hold the power button until you see  a message saying “loading startup options”. Just remember, when the Mac is turned  off, holding the power button for 10 seconds will take you to the boot menu, where  you can see both macOS and Debian entries. You can choose Macintosh HD  to boot into macOS. This is a perfect dual boot setup on Apple silicon Macs. As a bonus part of this video, if you decide to delete Debian 12 from  the dual boot, just boot back to macOS. Then, o

pen the terminal, and type  diskutil list. If you notice, under the internal drive, partitions 3,4,5  are the main volumes of Debian. The first two and the last are related  to macOS so do not touch them. Now, Out of 3, look for the  Asahi EFI partition. In my case, disk0s4 is the identifier of the Asahi EFI  partition. In your case, it may be different just note down the identifier and erase the  partition. To do so, type this command and provide a valid partition identifier. Then  press the en

ter key to erase this volume. Then head over to the disk  utility. From the menu bar, choose View and select Show All Devices. From  the sidebar, choose Apple SSD and click on the partition. Do not touch the Macintosh  and the first and last partitions. These are the partitions related to Debian  delete them one by one. Once it's deleted, the free space will be added back to the macOS. Then, open the startup disk  and change the boot order. You can choose Macintosh to boot into macOS. Now, If yo

u reboot your system, it will  boot back to macOS. That’s pretty much it, this is how you properly install Debian 12 on M1  or M2 Mac natively. Check the description for more information. Thanks for watching this video, this  is KSK ROYAL, I will see you in the next one.