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e for for [Music] for [Music] foree for [Music] [Music] for for for for multigeneration mul hello I would like to tell you about a new way of thinking about our lives it's a revolutionary way of essentially adjust adjusting to all of the changes that we see in the world I call it the perennial mindset it's really important to think about our lives not as a succession of stages like in the past what I mean by that is that under the old rules we would uh first play when we're very little then we w

ould go to school and we were told at school that we should try to learn everything that we needed for the rest of our lives that was of course a very tall order then we would work and remember that most people actually don't like their jobs but we were told you should keep on working and you should be saving money because at the end of that process you will get your reward and your reward was retirement and that was the fourth and last stage in life so in other words this model was very regimen

ted it was a sequential model we were supposed to go from one stage to the next at an appropriate moment in time this model came into being about 100 40 years ago in Europe there was a German chancellor by the name of aoon bismar who realized that it was very important to have a labor force that was very highly educated so Germany among other countries in the world made Universal schooling compulsory everybody had to go to school and that was essential because you wanted to train to educate peop

le for the industries of the Second Industrial Revolution those were automobiles chemicals Ste steel iron and so on you needed an educated labor force and then there was another problem which was that workers were joining unions and so the chancellor of Germany auton bismar realized that one way of essentially telling workers that they shouldn't worry about their wages and about their future was to offer them a state pension so when workers were offer a state pension then essentially that in con

junction with universal schooling divided up our lives into four different stages so first we play then we go to school then you work and then comes the pension provided by the state so you go into retirement now aoon bismar was very smart because he promised a pension to German male workers at the age of 62 but you see at the time the average life expectancy in Germany was about 52 years so it made all the sense in the world then to offer people a state pension at age 62 but today we are in a c

ompletely different situation let's begin with pensions and with retirement now people live much longer than just 62 years on average in most countries in the world in South Korea in the United States in many other parts of the world people on average live 80 85 years that's a very long period of time to be in retirement if you stop working when you're 60 or when you're 65 so that part of the system is not working very well but if you go further back in time here's another problem that is happen

ing with the current system which is that we're telling young people something that is very difficult to do we're telling young people when they turn 16 or 17 we're asking them that they have to make up their minds as to what is it that they want to do for the rest of their lives we're asking them you have to grow up you have to become adults you have to figure out what is it that you want to pursue as a career now of course as a result of that what happens is very simple which is that most youn

g people come under stress tremendous stress we know that rates of stress and rates of suicide also among young people these days are extremely high especially in East Asia in the United States and in Europe where we put so much pressure on young people to make up their minds about what is it that they want to do for the rest of their lives so there are many issues many problems with this system with this model which I call the sequential model of life and here's the problem it was also a model

that was designed for men like myself but not for women and for women given that many women want to have children it was a model that didn't work well because they had to essentially go out from the labor market stop working or they would have to take a break if they wanted to raise a family so the system was working only for half of the population and then only for those who managed to make the transition from one stage to the next at the appropriate time so for example if somebody didn't finis

h high school that was a problem that person wouldn't have the kind of job that would give him or her career stability also people who went to college but never graduated would have trouble with the system but more importantly the system got into trouble for two very important reasons that are occurring in the world right now the first as I just mentioned is that we live much longer than in the past making this idea that you only work for 30 years or so and then you retire much more difficult to

sustain into the future because we just don't have enough money to pay pensions and healthare for so many people above the age of 60 or 70 or 80 for such a long period of time but the second big change that has made this model which I called once again the sequential Model come under tremendous stress is technological change you see in the past whenever we learn something at age 20 let's say we could continue to use that knowledge for the rest of our careers but nowadays technology is changing

things so fast that knowledge becomes obsolete becomes Antiquated much faster than in the past so what that means is that you cannot hope to learn everything that you may need for the rest of your life when you are in your 20s in other words it will be much better for you to be able to go back to school several times during your lifetime to refresh your knowledge or even to switch careers so this is the problem that we're confronting the problem that we're confronting is that for the longest tim

e more than 100 years we have been organizing our lives according to a PR basic basic principle the basic principle is that we only do age appropriate things so there's an age for playing there's an age for studying or learning there's an age for working and there's an age for retiring and resting and this is what the new global economy of the 21st century one that is driven by knowledge and by technology doesn't accept we we need people to be more flexible we need companies we need governments

to also be more flexible in general we need the whole system to abandon that sequential compartmentalized uh way of organizing our lives and gravitate towards something that enables us to adjust in real time to all of the incredible changes that are occurring out there so let me spell out more in detail what this transformation means I think the transformation has to begin with us we are human beings and there's a couple of things that characterize human beings first is that we are flexible and

second is that in ourselves we are always Learners human beings strive to learn we always want to learn about new things we want to develop new skills that is intrinsic to the human being well the sequential model of Life didn't really allow for that because this model was essentially telling us oh there's only like five or 10 years in your life when you're supposed to be learning after that you're supposed to be working working very very hard and even if you hate your job you're supposed to kee

p on working very very hard until you can reach retirement age now take a look at what happens when people reach retirement age I'm going to quote to you some numbers for the United States in the United States people can continue working until they wish to stop doing so so there's no compulsory age of retirement IM most occupations but here's what happens 48% of the people who retire in the United States eventually go back to work because they don't like retirement because they feel that they're

missing something in retirement they feel isolated and lonely because they no longer have the connections at work because they get bored at home you see the average American spends an additional 6 hours watching television when they retire and that is not a very good thing watching television is a passive activity so it's very bad for your health physical and mental in both senses it is really bad for you you become a couch potato right essentially so in other words people find retirement very

frustrating and that's why for example in the United States 48% of those who retire eventually go back to work either full-time or part-time but even more interesting there are a lot of people who retire early because they have managed to save enough money for a long retirement in my neighborhood when you see a neighbor that announces that he or she is retiring early everybody's supposed to admire that person it's like a success that you managed to retire early well here's what happens 55% of Am

ericans who retire early go back to work why do they do that well once again because they find retirement very frustrating so one of the main messages that I have for you is very simple never retire it's a really bad idea to retire but especially it's a bad idea to think about retirement as a price as something that justifies not having the kind of job that you find fulfilling that you find uh increasingly satisfactory to you uh so in other words we have set up the labor market we have set up ev

erything in such a way that it doesn't help people find the kinds of jobs that they would really love to have and and instead of facilitating that what we're promising them is a retirement that never fulfills expectations and that actually tends to be really bad for your mental and for your physical health so increasingly we're seeing not only in the United States we're seeing in many countries around the world that people are working longer in life because they find F find fulfillment in that a

ctivity and because in that way then they don't get disconnected from their social networks and for their colleagues at work and that is generally a very good thing it also helps of course in terms of the overall system because one of the big problems in many countries around the world is that there's not enough money in the state pension system to pay for everybody's pension so in other words if you have at least a few people who continue working then you are relieving the pressure on the state

pension system because you will have fewer people asking for a pension if more of them continue working beyond the usual re age so these are some of the changes that we need to put in place if we want to overcome this problem but there are other issues that have emerged because of the sequential model of Life another issue is very important one is that people get derailed they essentially lose their way think for example about teenage mothers which is a very difficult problem in the United Stat

es for example only 2% of teenage mothers ever graduate from college which essentially means that then they have their job market opportunities severely limited and they don't make as much money as they would be able to if they were able to attend college but you see the current system doesn't make any provisions to help teenage mothers catch up and go to college and acquire those skills that are going to be very helpful for them in the labor market another category of people who have suffered i

mmensely from the current system are people who for whatever reason they start abusing substances for example alcohol or drugs they also find it very difficult to catch up right they make it um it's very hard for them to uh continue in school to get a degree to have a stable job and then to do well on that job and once again in most countries in the world we have very few mechanisms for helping those people who for whatever reason took the wrong turn in life help them go back and be productive m

embers of society once again and I could go on and on on on there's a lot of different collectivities of people who have not been able to essentially realize their full potential in life because the sequential model is too strict is too rigid and doesn't allow for exceptions that is the fundamental problem with it now there are many other manifestations of how this is hurting now not just individuals but also companies so companies for example have thought about the employee as something that is

someone who is dispensable somebody whom you use for 30 or 40 years but then the moment that employee turns 50 years old the company starts looking for ways to get rid of that employee now in so doing the company is missing out on something really important which is experience you see as human beings we start to decline cognitively when we are in our mid-20s so that's why companies believe that it's better to have young people as employees because they are more alert right and of course they ha

ve just gone to school so they have the latest knowledge the latest skills in their possession but when companies get rid of workers that turn 50 years or 55 years old they are essentially wasting their experience and what is very clear is that workers at that age employees at that age they compensate for their declining cognition with experience and the other really important thing that I would like to bring your attention is that increasingly at companies people work in teams and there is a to

n of research indicating that diverse teams perform at a higher level they have higher productivity and they also have higher creativity now that diversity also applies in the dimens along the dimensions of age so Research indicates that teams at work that are diverse in terms of age that is to say that include people from different Generations also perform at a higher level so they result in higher productivity and also in higher productivity creativity so companies have everything to gain if t

hey understand these Dynamics and if they treat workers regardless of age as if there were human beings who can make positive contributions to the company companies that Embrace this model I think are going to be more competitive and sooner or later they will drive out other companies that do not um incorporate this new approach to managing their labor force to managing their employees so that's really important another very important part of the uh argument here is that companies also when they

try to sell their products or Services when they try to persuade people to buy their products or their services that is called marketing should also Embrace this new way of thinking about consumers not just about workers so in other words marketing has always been geared towards classifying potential consumers by age most advertising in the world targets people in their 20s and in their 30s the reason is very simple it's because up until very recently that was the largest group of consumers whe

n birth rates were very high then naturally the biggest generation always was people in their 20s or their 30s but now things have changed every generation is smaller than the preceding one because the birth rate has been declining so therefore marketers now have a problem because their entire mindset their entire way of thinking about the consumer Market was geared towards younger consumers but within a few years we're going to see that more than half of the consumer Market of consumer spending

in South Korea in China in Japan in Europe in the United States is going to be consumption by people above the age of 60 now this is a problem this is a problem because advertising ing is not geared in that way and companies continue to insist that they need to do things as they were doing in the past they need to change their mindset again but more importantly there are advantages to essentially presenting products and services to the market in a multi-generational way what do I mean by this w

hat I mean by this is that you're not targeting consumers because of their age but rather you're targeting consumers in terms of their lifestyle I think it's very clear that lifestyle have also shifted somebody who today is 60 years old I'm almost that age has a very different lifestyle from somebody who had 60 years old who was 60 years old 20 or 30 years ago nowadays A 60y old is much more active in terms of the lifestyle and it's in much better physical and mental shape so marketing and adver

tising hasn't really caught up with that new reality yet we also have another very interesting phenomenon which is very important here here in South Korea which is the phenomenon of intergenerational influencing in consumer markets so in the past the practice always was to rely on young influencers if you were trying to sell to Young consumers or to rely on older influencers if we were trying to sell to older consumers but now what we're increasingly seeing is that there is this phenomenon of in

tergenerational influencing that is to say older influencers who are essentially telling younger consumers what is it that they should do with their money how they should be spending it and vice versa and this is I think not only a very healthy thing but it's also a trend that makes old practices in marketing and in advertising completely obsolete so companies and all sorts of organizations need to adjust to that reality so you may be wondering how are we going to make the transition from this v

ery regiment very rigid way of running our lives to one that is more flexible well I think it's very simple although it will require a lot of effort so what we need is first and foremost to change our mindset we need to think perennially we need to think as if we were perennials perennials are people who don't think or act their age rather one day they may be Learners another day they may be working another day they may be taking a break so you move more fluidly and more frequently between all o

f those stages what this means is that perhaps we will go to school of course when we're young that's important and then we'll start working but we are not going to be starting working in an occupation thinking oh that's what I'm going to do for the rest of my life no what people should assume is that that's going to be something that they'll be doing for the next 5 or 10 years until perhaps there is another major technological Revolution so then in the meantime you would continue to be a lifelo

ng learner and acquire new skills that would enable you to remain relevant in your current line of work but it will also enable you to do something really really important which is to potentially switching jobs or even switching careers nowadays in Asia in the United States in Europe perhaps only 3 or 4% of the population switches careers so maybe they begin as teachers and then they become financial advisers and then finally they become nurses or doctors that's still very rare my prediction is

that in the near future we're going to see maybe 15 20 even 30% of the population switching careers for example in the United States right now we have more people in their 40s attending Medical School than ever before these are people who decided at that age to switch careers and they decided to study medicine which of course is at all order it's something that requires a lot of time and effort but the situation is such now that we live so longer and we stay healthy so long that we can consider

the possibility of switching careers even several times during our lifetime as opposed to sticking to just one career path so that's one thing that needs to change our mindset how we think about ourselves we should think about ourselves as lifelong Learners as people who can reinvent themselves time and again this is really important it's very important given the economy it's very important given how fast things are changing we will have to reinvent ourselves multiple times over our lifetime tha

t is a reality that is what the future will bring us the second thing that has to change is of course what companies do companies need to change their human resource practices as I said earlier most companies think of workers as dispensable assets once those assets those workers reach a certain age they're thinking about getting rid of them and looking for younger people in so doing they are wasting the experience of those older workers so companies also need to change and of course not all comp

anies will see the light and start changing right away I think there will be some pioneering companies that will start to experiment with this new way of thinking about their employees and they will find as I mentioned earlier that their productivity and creativity starts to go up so the first few companies that are P Pioneers will show the way to other companies and if other companies don't respond then I believe that the dynamic of the market will be very powerful because companies that adopt

this new mindset are going to be more productive and more creative they're going to do better in the competitive market and so the other companies that don't adopt this new mindset if they don't eventually do so they're going to fall behind so the very Dynamic of the the market in the end is going to also help spread this new way of approaching things now we also need governments to think about everything in a different way so governments are very important right they're very important because t

hey're big because they collect taxes because they spend money trying to pursue certain policy goals and also because governments in most countries in the world are the biggest employers so government agencies employ a lot of people so they should also change their human resource practices but think about taxes in most countries in the world we have incentives so that people save money specifically so that they save money for retirement so if you save money and you put your money into a pension

fund in many countries around the world you get a tax benefit there's a tax advantage to be obtained from putting your money or setting aside your money and investing it in a pension fund now what happens in most countries as well is that if you have saved money in that way but for whatever reason you have a family emergency you have a health problem you need to take the money out before you retire then you get penalized by the government now this is a problem instead of penalizing people for ta

king money out prematurely what I would do is to provide incentives for people to take out that money out and spend it on education why do I say that well because once again things are going to be changing so quickly in the world that we're going to have have to go back to school multiple times that we're going to have to be lifelong learners but more importantly from the point of view of the government the government of course is having trouble these days funding the pension system so isn't it

better if people invest in their education so that they can get a better job and they can continue working even before retirement age that would reduce the demands on the pension system that would be good for the government that will also be good for all of us as individuals so in other words what I'm trying to say is that there are certain Provisions in the tax system that also need to change because the tax system for the longest time has been providing incentives for people to save for retire

ment but I just told you earlier that retirement is a very bad idea that it would be much better if people were able to save with certain tax advantages for lifelong learning that's really important another thing that has to change is universities so I have worked my entire life for a university and I can tell you that universities are the worst when it comes to changing we never change we always want to continue doing things in the exact same way that we have been doing those things for hundred

s of years so I started teaching about 35 years ago and I can tell you that over that long period of time there has been only two major technological innovations when it comes to teaching students the first of those Innovations was the SL projection the second one was PowerPoint there has been no other major technological innovation in the world of education at least at the University level over the last 35 years that has to change we need to have more Interactive Learning we need to use the met

averse we need to use artificial intelligence I just told my students that for the assignments for the exams for the papers that they have to write for my classes I don't care care what they use they can use AI they can even have ai write the papers or the exams for them I don't care because I know that the moment they graduate and they start working they're going to be using AI so why should I forbid them to use AI why should I prevent them from using AI when that's going to be an essential too

l that you're going to be using every day every hour of the day once they start working now what I tell them though is don't think that AI always gives you the right answers so you are always responsible for whatever content you give to me in the form of a paper or a final exam but it's very important that we start incorporating new technologies into the classroom and you know what's going to happen with universities I know universities very well what's going to happen is that we're going to bec

ome irrelevant if we don't change why because now we have digital platforms that are offering educational services at a much lower price and with far more flexibility they're still not perhaps up to very high quality standards but eventually I think they will improve the quality of the learning experience that they offer and they're going to be offering that at a much lower price and they are incorporating technology because a lot of these new um ventures in education actually use remote learnin

g so unless universities start to change and we start to incorporate all these Technologies we are elv are going to become obsolete so that's another thing that has to change because you see universities this is what they do they classify students by age you have undergraduates you have Master's students you have a few students who do a doctorate or a PhD and then you also have Executive Education or sort programs for practicing professionals so essentially what we're doing is we're classifying

our students by age we never put them together in the same classroom although once again there is evidence from research in education that people from different Generations studying together not just working together but studying together learning together is actually beneficial to all of them you have better learning outcomes to the extent that you have different Generations studying together learning together but that's not what universities are doing we keep them separate from each other we h

ave different programs even different buildings for each of those groups of people classified by age so lastly what else do we need um in the World to Change so that we can see this perennial mindset flourish which I think is going to be good for everybody but especially if you remember for those groups of people who one way or another lost their way they couldn't make a transition so I was talking about teenage mothers I was talking about substance abusers I was talking about in general people

who don't finish High School right how can we help them make progress with their learning in the future that's something that the current system doesn't allow for but I think the perennial mindset that I propose will definitely uh promote to a much greater extent the other thing that we need to change in addition to all of the ones that I mentioned already about companies about universities about governments and so on and so forth is our own way of thinking about life right this is really import

ant so change has to begin with us right so many of us have this propensity to look for stability to look for situations in which nothing changes because that way we feel safer we feel more secure so one thing is that we prefer that everybody has preferences for certain things and quite another is the reality out there the reality out there in the world is one characterized by just the opposite by change everything is changed in you name it technology geopolitics the culture and cultural values

are changing we also see that the economy is changing the kinds of jobs that are available everything is trans under transformation everything is different today than what it was yesterday or a week ago so what we need to understand as human beings operating in this environment is that the only possible response to change is change itself if you're surrounded by change but you remain static then it's a matter of time before you are completely out of whack you're not in tune with the environment

surrounding you so it's very important to start taking positive action to develop this kind of perennial mindset in us so how can we do that well there's a number of things that we can do the first of course is to understand that flexibility is going to be essential for adapt in the future so this is something that companies are asking their employees to be flexible they're no longer promising like in the past lifelong employment everybody's asking workers and employees to be able to change from

one doing one thing to changing and doing another maybe within the same week this is really important for companies to be able to redeploy their workers their employees very quickly in response to whatever is going on in their competitive markets so how do we we develop that skill at perennial thinking ourselves each of us well first of all I think we need to abandon these categories as I was uh saying earlier that at some moment in time we play at some moment in time we learn and then we work

and then we retire this is the first thing I think it's really important that we all abandon the idea of retirement as Heaven as something that will be like um the goal in life that is a first thing a first assumption that we need to get rid of I continue to hear very frequently people of my age who are thinking oh I only have another three or four years until retirement and I can't wait for that to happen and when I'm listening to them I'm thinking you're going to get really frustrated once you

retire you're going to regret it right so that is the first thing that we need to change the thing that we need to change is that life is not a succession of stages that we need to think about what we find fulfilling at each point in life and that is typically going to be a mix of learning and working and having some fun of course at the same time of course there will always be people who for whatever reason physical Decay or they had an accident or they have a health problem that will need to

retire and that's perfectly fine right but even for those people who have a constraint because of their health or their physical or mental status we should also be in a position to offering them opportunities for remaining active second thing that I would recommend that everybody does we need to expand our views the future doesn't belong to people who specialize in one area of knowledge the future belongs to people who are more like the ones who can connect the dots the people who can see what's

going on let's say in biology and see what's going on in computer science and see what's going on in engineering and then put things together and that will happen at the highest level when it comes to doing research but also at the at a lower level when it comes to performing a job the people who have the ability to connect the dots are going to get ahead they're going to be more successful so how can we develop that skill for me it's very simple so Some people prefer to read in order to absorb

information other people be prefer to watch a podcast or a video so regardless of which is your ideal way of learning which learning mode you prefer what I recommend is that every day before you go to bed before you turn off the light that you spend 10 or 15 or 20 minutes at most reading or watching a video about a topic that you know very little about something that is completely unrelated to your job so let's say that you are working at a company and you are doing marketing well then read one

day about archaeology another day read about Biology another day you know read about um paintings or music or whatever it is if you persist and you do this day in and day out for three years for five years I can guarantee you that within months you're going to start connecting the dots that is going to enrich your mind and more importantly you're going to become more effective and more successful at what you do just because you're are starting to make the connections to other things because eve

ry major technological breakthrough for example that we've had in the world over the last 50 years I would argue has involved essentially connecting the dots bringing together Knowledge from different areas and essentially coming up with a better solution or a better way of doing things so this ability to integrate which is by the way characteristic of human beings that's the way our brain works our brain is a big integrator that is going to be the road to success for most people people in the n

ear future so granted there will still be people who want to be Specialists people who want to be airline pilots or people who want to be preachers or people who want to be doctors they will need to study something very specific for a long period of time they will need to become Specialists but those are relatively few for most of us the reality is going to be one in which we're going to be better served if we can connect the Dos if we can know a lot of things rather than just one thing in great

depth that is one of the most important keys I think for being successful in this new situation one last big issue that I want to bring to your consideration here when it comes to this Society of perennials that I think is uh going to become a reality very soon the concept of generation so we frequently attribute to Generations certain pness of behavior in the United States one of the most famous ones has to do with Millennials so Millennials are people who happen to be born around the Year 198

0 and so they came of age at around the year 2000 one common stereotype about Millennials is that all of them eat avocado on toast which simply doesn't seem to be true right uh not only that we claim that Millennials prefer these so they prefer that it's all a generalization right we're constantly generalizing we constantly stereotyping generations and I think the problem with that is that it's a lot of fun sometimes but it has one very important effect which is that it artificially creates diff

erences across Generations it emphasizes whereever this is that separates the generations as opposed to emphasizing things that bring them together and as I was arguing earlier it's really important to bring Generations together because we have everything to benefit from that we learn more we are more productive at work and we are more creative if we work if we learn if we live in an intergenerational context let me give you one example that I find mindboggling recently there was a research unde

rtaken by two professors they focused on so-called multi-generational households these are households in which two or more I'm sorry three or more Generations live together so for example you have the grandchildren you have the children and you have the parents living together so if you look at it the other way you have grandparents you have children you have grandchildren living together three or more Generations because typically what you have in most households is either one generation or two

generations living together so what did they find about children who grow up in multigenerational households well something really interesting they found that they do better at school they get better grades they also found that they have Better Health outcomes just because they're living in multigenerational households so in other words we have so many reasons to expect benefits from moving away from this idea that we belong to different generations and instead of that creating an environment i

n which Generations come together they collaborate together they learn together they work together that's essentially going to or likely to going to lead to much much better outcomes out there in the future and that I think is something that will make us better human beings but also will make us richer I think and it will also help people who otherwise would fall behind catchup with uh you know the trajectory that the average person has in life which is to make through uh make their way through

all of the stages in a regular orderly way so let me just summarize then the overall message here the overall message here is as always with um my presentations one up optimism and I really want to emphasize this because one of the things that um exasperates me the most when I read the news every day or when I listen to the news on social media or on the radio or on television is that people are very pessimistic in many parts of the world these days and I understand that there are many reasons f

or being pessimistic we have climate change we have inequality we have um geopolitical conflict wars in the world we still have poverty in many parts of the world uh this is really bad right we have people going hungry so there are many reasons to feel pessimistic about the future but I always want to send a message of optimism and the message of optimism in this case is very simple which is that we have at our disposal all of the ingredients for making the situation much better but somehow a nu

mber of decades ago I would say even 100 years ago we made certain decisions that are preventing us from realizing our full potential now they're limiting us and as I told you earlier those decisions essentially had to do with the compartmentalization of life into four distinct sequential stages if we were able to overcome that if we were able to adopt a perennial mindset we would be far better off as human beings as communities as nations in the world so once again we need things to change the

first step in that change should always be our own mindset internally what we need to do is to abandon the old way of thinking abandon the assumptions especially regarding age that is to say that when we're young we're supposed to be doing one thing when we're of middle age we're supposed to be doing another thing and then we're when we are of supposedly old age we're supposed to rotate into something completely different which is retirement we need to abandon those assumptions because those ass

umptions are hurting us they're not helping I'm also optimistic because I see change out there I see that people that organizations that entire countries are changing they are evolving and some of them are getting it right there are companies out there which I mentioned in my book The perennials that are doing really really good work in terms of repositioning the pieces in such a way that they can unleash the full potential of their employees and of their companies as a result and there are coun

tries that I think are doing much better than others in terms of also opposition in themselves for this new stage in global competition in which it is really hard to actually be successful but it's not impossible so I want to send above and everything else a message of optimism as human beings we have two very important instincts one is the Instinct for self-preservation the other one is the Instinct for learning for acquiring new skills for being better right for improving what is it that we do

every day we just need to channel those two forces in the right direction as I mentioned earlier our quest for survival doesn't mean that we have to remain static because again the world is changing so we also need to change in response to that and our desire always to learn we should channel that in the direction of saying you know what I just turned 60 or I just turned 70 but it's never too late for me to acquire a new skill and to be able to use that skill out there for useful purposes wheth

er it is for free if I want to volunteer my time or whether it is gainfully if I want to be employed or if I want to be self-employed or a freelancer that is a message of optimism that I would like to send that yes there are many problems in the world but as human beings as as communities we have all of the ingredients that we need to have in order to be successful technological change geopolitical change climate change all of these big Transformations are serious we need to adjust to them but t

he response to change can never be let me go home let me get in bed and let me try to isolate myself from the world what we need to do is just the opposite is to expand our Horizons is to try to start making connections as to how all of these different complex forces come together to transform our daily activities and we need above and uh everything else as I mentioned earlier to change our mindset that is what I'm hoping will make the world a far better world for most people so that everybody c

an have the kind of self-fulfilling life that they aspire to thank you so much for your [Music] attention