Secrets of Gibraltar - Underground Worlds - S01 EP01 - Documentary

deep inside a mountain is a staggering 55 km  complex of tunnels how did it play a crucial role for allied forces in defeating the Nazis in World  War II 16,500 Men deployed it deep under London how will 21st century engineering Innovation this  is something to be proud of continue the legacy of Victorian underground Pioneers thousands of  people were dying in these outbreaks of chera and what unbelievable do discoveries have been made  in the depths of one of Europe's largest and most stunning

cave systems it is extremely rare this  is the only place in the world where you can find them beneath our feet lie extraordinary spaces  caves and tunnels the span and the size is just crazy they've been designed and built by us this  is the only one with the castle as well as formed by nature but how were they created and adapted  by who and why you've got to face your fears throughout history Subterranean life has captured  our imagination feel so privileged we're going further and deeper to

unearth the Mysteries  the stories and the secrets of underground worlds along Spain's Southern Shore align Stone  Ridge dominates the coastline jalta known as The Rock is a fortified British overseas territory  overlooking the Straits between North Africa and Europe it's just 6.8 Square km in area but the  size of its role in World War II is immeasurable beneath its distinctive landscape lie no less  than 55 km of hidden tunnels and caves aves a Subterranean City carved out by a military  Workf

orce 16,500 men securing this area against Nazi movement how was this incredible  feat achieved largest explosion brought it with £3,000 of jell Knight in one single  blast why was the security of deep level bunkers so critical in November 1942 the most  important decisions were taking here in secret and what world war Secrets have only recently  been discovered all the men were all sworn to secrecy they were brought up here not knowing  where they were they would have bricked up the inside sinc

e first coming to jiar in 1988 former  British soldier Pete Jackson has become an expert on its military and underground history I arrived  in jbala not knowing at that time what I was in for viewing it from the outside it is almost  impossible to Fathom what is actually inside The Rock The Rock has been home to British  military forces for centuries it's remained a British run Garrison since 1704 it's always been  of key strategic importance to Britain sitting where it does in the mouth of the

Mediterranean  you control the Straits you control what's in and out it's a very important place since they  arrived here British troops have excavated through jabo's Limestone Rock to join up existing caves  and to excavate new tunnels and spaces gibralta is a Labyrinth of subterranean excavations which  stretches such a time period it stretches from the 1700s to post World War II the system is fantastic  the majority of subterranean excavation on Jaa was during World War II at the beginning of

the war  in 1939 there were approximately 11 km of tunnels inside the Rock by the end of the war troops had  inre increase that to a staggering 55 km it's like coming to mecca for anybody that's an Enthusiast  for subterranean we could almost call it a City Underground Jan PA's father Lawrence Bolton  was one of the soldiers who helped excavate this important Subterranean City she's come to  meet Pete at a place called Haze level to see the tunnels her father built for the very first  time the

reason I brought us in here we're going to walk down through a series of areas that were  drilled out to perform the duties of stores which is exactly what your your father was doing when he  was here was producing areas to store now A couple of years ago working in the South I came across a  sign laid on the side of the road which I thought needed saving and it's another reason I brought  you here cuz I want you to see it it's where your dad was working so let's take a walk down we'll  show you

that way really interesting we can see how high we are from sea level the entrance to  Hayes level is over 100 m above sea level and home to the General Stores rations clothes bedding  and Equipment were all kept here everything needed for the 16,000 strong Garrison to survive during  the second world war a lot of this is what would have been used when your father was working  here one of Jan's only momentos of her father is a photo of him using this type of hydraulic  mining drill you probably

recognize this here from the photograph from your collection the  one that was drilling into the ceiling right that's no lightweight piece of equipment is it  it isn't it isn't I wanted you to see that sign Pete's research has shown that Jan's father  worked on an area known as Burma stores it's an area that I have a personal tieing to now cuz  I know some of the history it's another piece of that jigsaw yeah yes another piece of M well it  is their excavations which Jan's father was part of we

re hugely important for the military purposes  of jalter Jan's come to Pete's home to hear more about the role of the royal Engineers the Royal  Engineers were actually formed here as a unit what were the Royal Engineers doing here securing  this this area against Nazi movement through into the Mediterranean it was key to the Allied support  16,500 men deployed there to defend administer and prepare this place for the duration of World War  II the way we're doing was was so important Johan I mea

n um had the rock Fallen then this route  into the Mediterranean would have been lost to us the Royal Engineers blasted 43 km of  carefully planned tunnels and underground spaces as you go through the ages  the tunnels become far bigger for storage Brigade headquarters for vehicle  stores generating stations hospitals you can enter the tunnels in the dockyard at  sea level and make your way to the highest tunnels in jalter without putting your  head above ground to travel through the rock undete

cted the Royal Engineers excavated a  gigantic main road from the north to the South they named it after a familiar arterial  route back in England now known as the A1 and you know on the Great North [Music] Road  they use things that people would recognize you enter the great North Road from its southern  end at Ma ofil which is where the A1 starts you continue North within the tunnels as we  would along the A1 we'll get to Peterborough we're moving on from there within the tunnels  we get to D

oncaster and then on to Durham so these are towns that lay the themselves  along the line of the great North Road in Britain anybody arriving from the UK  entering this tunnel system let's say you had a young conscript you needed to go to  the stores at Peterburg he knew that if he entered the tunnel system at Durham to get  to Peterburg he was going to have to turn [Music] South this area is called cpy hle it  started like before World War II as a ration store ration store was turned  into cpy

hle Generating Station and this was producing power foro and RAF jalter what we have here inside are three figer  engines engines like this can produce 1,035 KW per engine later on a rusten industrial gas turbine a  jet engine was brought in that produced a further 675 KW this Generating Station is an unsupported  chamber creating huge voids in rock requires a phenomenal amount of explosive largest explosion  known to have taken place on jialat with £3,000 of jel knite in one single blast I was

looking  enough to show a gentleman around who was in charge of drilling the largest chamber in jalter  what we call Remy chamers and he said that even his most experienced miners that were drilling  it out said they didn't know what the outcome would be they said when the Blasted it it was  either going to cut a chamber or it was going to cut the Rock in half Excavating large volumes  of rock is highly dangerous and many British soldiers lost their lives supporting  the war effort including Jan

's [Music] father we're on our way into the Rock to the  spot where my father died Lance corporal Lawrence Bolton an experienced minor was killed while  Excavating a jiar tunnel when a detonation went wrong this is the entry to Burma store South  this is where your father would have been drilling where that tragic accident occurred this  is special and it's quite it's important for me to come and just identify with not the place where  he died but the last place that he was alive Pete can give J

an privileged access to the  Warren of tunnels known only to the Royal Engineers TR looking for graffiti in this world  so what you're saying is then my dad's my dad could actually have he may well have left  his name in the wall in the wall the area that we're now standing in is called Upper  Union Gallery but its local nickname became uh clap and Junction right clap Junction  because just like clap in the UK you can get almost anywhere from here in tunneling  terms this goes north south east w

est left right up down in out in one direction from  clap Junction there's access to a lookout post with the same view of the Spanish mainland  Jan's father probably saw over 75 years ago amazing this is Job's balcony absolutely fantastic  that's where my dad's medals were presented to me by the chief Royal engineer yeah and all my family  were there it was one of the best days of my life this is the first time I've been in this part of  the tunnels and it just makes me feel closer to my father

during World War II future US  president General Dwight D Eisenhower set up his headquarters in the depths of  jalter Operation Torch was the first first mass involvement of US troops in the European  North African theater of war from deep inside Jaa Eisenhower coordinated the successful  invasion of French North Africa to reduce pressure on Allied Forces in Europe and Egypt  during World War II this must have looked very very different Luis Garcia works for a technology  company that benefits f

rom the security of this space once occupied by the famous US general in  November 1942 Dwight Eisenhower spent 12 days in one of the officers here implementing Operation  Torch it was very important because uh the most important decisions were taken here in secret so  a lot of intelligence gathering was done and the top brass was briefed of what the next move  should have been so a lot of very important decisions were taken in this room Eisenhower's  command office was protected from enemy bomb

s by Rock in every direction we are literally in  the middle of DEA north south east west so we are in the heart of of jolter there was a tin roof  construction so it must have been quite decimal at the time according to eisenh how's autobiography  he wasn't too impressed with the lack of fresh air and natural light however this space in the  heart of the rock is perfect for its modern-day purpose as a data center it keeps servers safe  in a climate controlled environment this was refurbished in

the 1980s walking in obviously  you cannot but notice that you are underground but once you're in here it looks like a normal  office uh it's just that I we haven't got any Windows during World War II J brto  Subterranean World kept many things hidden one of them a Top Secret Spy Facility remained  undiscovered until 50 years after the war had finished located on the southernmost tip  of the rock behind rusting metal and deis a hidden Time Capsule lay untouched for half a century for years in j

alter there was rumors  about this secret chamber inside the rock that was locally called stay behind cave people  were off and out looking for it but in 1997 members of the jalta caving group were in this  tunnel stopped just here to have a break and they felt wind coming through the corrugated  iron the tunnels and enthusiasts had stumbled on their Holy Grail so it definitely showed they  were in the right place they moved further down and took another couple of panels away and  they found the

the way that the men would have been put into the chamber the Explorers  had uncovered a secret cave built to conceal British intelligence troops inside the rock should  Germans capture Jaa The Bold plan was to seal six Naval Personnel inside the hidden chamber they  would have breed up the inside and people on the outside would have sealed the corrugated iron  so there was no visible sign that anybody was inside the original plan was to hide  the courageous men in here for one year provisions

and Equipment were supplied to last a  whole s years Tracer cave was built to last with two toilets and two ventilation systems operated  by hand or a kind of exercise bike the men could charge back batteries and stay active while  remaining completely silent it was a static bicycle and instead of having a chain it had got  to lay the band so that it wouldn't make a noise the men would need to stay in good physical  conditioning to keep the noise down on the floor there are cork tiles to daden t

he Sound  by far the most exposed parts of ji's Tracer cave were the lookout posts one pointing East  to the Mediterranean and the other West out of of the bay and the Atlantic Ocean beyond the  original plan for the apertures was for them to be 30 cm wide and 15 cm High when they got to  the East side this is part natural cave there's a small natural platform on the outside and the men  could actually climb outside they shielded from view from the Germans anywhere because there was  a lot of fo

liage around it so they can actually get outside get some sunlight and monitor the  shipping from there but on the western side it was very exposed very close to where there was a  path that the Germans would be patrolling the slot itself is only about 15 cm long and 2 cm high they  had a concrete wedge which normally would be slid in there with a tiny pin prick hole they'd look  through there check that there were no Germans in the area and then they'd carefully remove  the wedge once they'd ga

thered the information they would need to transmit it back to London but  that would come at Great risk they couldn't have an aerial sticking out to the side of the rock  because it would have given away the position so it's a flexible aerial and during the day it  would have been pulled into that pipe there and then at night they would compress the information  down so he could send a lot of information in a very short time using a specific code they would  send a very quick transmission receiv

e any orders and then shut off they wouldn't want to transmit  for a long time luckily for jior and the Allied Forces traitor cave was never needed 300 m  above sea level and part of the upper rocks Nature Reserve there's another stunning space St  Michael's cave is one of ji's greatest natural wonders during World War II The Cave was prepared  as an emergency hospital but never used today it is a unique Auditorium and for some like this  11-year-old choir member a brand new magical experience a

ctually I've never performed in in  St Michael's cave before so this is my first time kind of looks like you know Ice Crystal palaces  it kind of looks like one of those but with rocks seus caves is one of those magical venues  that you take for granted when you live here this place is is really something special and  very unique the Acoustics are amazing [Music] it sounds really really cool this is  part of our history so we get to sing in a place that has so much background  this is special me

to come I've realized that it wasn't in vain I didn't know  anything about him and I found him here they have this respect for the [Applause] [Music] [Applause] space I am Slovenia a central European country situated  between the Alps and the Mediterranean Sea it's 20,000 Square km in  size which is 20 times smaller than California but beneath its  surface are a staggering 11,000 caves until relatively recently they were hidden  for millions of years I found Paradise the biggest Discovery in Sl

ovenia if not worldwide  what mythical creature was found thriving in this Subterranean Labyrinth the first people  that found it they actually thought it was baby dragons and what else lies hidden  beneath it's important to explore to discover new unknown territories it's pushing  us forward to find places where nobody else has been poonia caves were discovered in 1818  when a local man called Luca Chet was given a job in preparation for a visit from the  Emperor of Austria the task of lukach w

as simply to climb as high as possible to uh put  a welcome sign to the Emperor as he walk up the wall he discovered a narrow passage and the  rest of the cave he said uh I found [Music] Paradise it was back then the biggest Discovery  in Slovenia if not worldwide Luca Chet had discovered what is to this day one  of the largest cave systems in Europe at 24 km long it has been created  by the puca river which eroded down through the Limestone Rock to create  this stunning complex of caverns halls

and passages potin cayama was actually formed in a lot  of limestone layers approximately 80 to 90 million years ago the biggest Cavern carved  out by the pcer river is known as the great [Music] Mountain the room itself is 100 m long  40 m wide and more than 30 m High inside this big room you have really big cave formations  stalactites and stalagmites are formed by rain water dripping from the ceiling this water will  be able to dissolve and transport the Limestone to the inside of the cave a

nd the Limestone  will solidify into various shapes and the one that you can see above us we called it Neo tnik  the skyscraper 16 M High the highest one in ptin gyama these incredibly precious formations  have been here since long before man ever walked this Earth some Limestone layers are  90 million years old the average speed for the growth of cave formations in P cayama is  approximately 10 years for 1 mm that is 100 years approximately for 1 cm the oldest dated  cave formation in pan it's

around 540,000 years old poonia is important to geologists from  all over the world who studies speleology the science of exploring and studying caves the  geology in Limestone and PO skama is perfect because water well carved and formed a Opening  space and limestone is solid enough not to collapse Luca had discovered something that not  only the Austrian Emperor was impressed with the complex quickly became a hotspot for tourism in  1872 a railway with 2,260 M of track was laid from the entran

ce to the great Mountain it was  one way only and it was sort of a push trolley for four persons that was pushed by a guide  the popularity of Pia's caves brought further excavation and investment by 1923 the train was  motorized this was the world's first cave train and the system even had its own post office the  magic of these caves Drew people from across the globe for 200 years people are coming from all  over the world you know from China from States from Greenland Iceland from really ever

ywhere  one of the biggest attractions was and still is a stunning Limestone structure that stands  an impressive 5 m tall it is simply called brilliant the name of the formation  is the brilliant because it's so pure white is made of limestone pure Limestone no impurities the discovery of Pia's  caves was hugely significant not just for tourism in svenia but also in the  fight against one of the world's deadliest diseases in the deepest darkest parts  of this Cave System lives a mysterious crea

ture the first people that found  it they actually thought it was baby dragons so this is the biggest cave animal  in the world and they're actually top of the food chain they can live up to 100 years  and have completely adapted to living in the cave system they have very good sense  of hearing and of smell so that's easier to find their prey and they pray on all  the other cave animals that we can find here they don't have eyes they hunt by  detecting the bioelectric fields of other organisms

here you can see the head if you  look closely you're going to see the heart which is basically located in the throat behind  its head they look a bit like uh red ears these are the external grills the whole darker part  of the body these are the intestines if you take a closer look at the front legs you're  going to see see it has only three fingers on the hind legs it only has two fingers these  creatures can live for up to 12 years without feeding so it is extremely rare to see cave  salamand

ers actually eating in nature so you have to consider yourself lucky to get such  a good [Music] shot the more these creatures are studied the more they reveal about themselves  something very special happened in this aquarium the mama actually started to lay eggs yeah she  laid 64 eggs 21 of the young Lings hatched and this is actually an event it has never before  been seen in nature we were very lucky that it happened in this aquarium these cave salamanders  also had a genetic surprise for re

searchers they may be immune to cancer cell so they can't get  cancer and this is the only place in the world where you can find them so there's still  much research to be done on this subject I mean it's amazing to comprehend that in such  an environment that anything would actually [Music] survive the search for  Secrets hidden in the depths of Pia's caves continues starting from the  limits of recently discovered networks cave divers like Igor vovi search for  what else is waiting to be disco

vered today we are going to do exploration of fifth  samp of this cave for Boston's cave divers each new Expedition is another step into Uncharted  territories caves is the only place in the earth now where nobody has been we don't have  satellites to film the underwater caves diving into the unknown is timec consuming and tiring  complete exploration it's going to last about 11 hours but this underwater part is going to be  like hour and a half it's highly dangerous it's like hostile environmen

t you're underwater it's  dark but it's also rewarding they regularly see the cave salamander in its natural habitat it's  magical for the people who spend their lives here there's a real sense of purpose to push  further and deeper there is so much more to [Music] [Music] discover across London an ambitious  engineering project is taking place population of London was 2 million we're now at close  to 10 million giant holes are being bored down deep under the capital when they're up  and running

the guy can excavate 1 meter in an hour they're connecting to a vast historic  underground system rarely seen by people above this is a massive piece of pumping work this  Subterranean work of genius has saved millions of lives what Joseph baselet did was save a  city you can actually see individual chisel Mark how was this system constructed with  Victorian technology having an integrated sewer system this was Radical and how is it  being future proofed for the 22nd century and beyond that 40

million tons of sewage that  goes into the river every year that's going to stop 29 vertical shafts like this one in  Hammersmith West London have been excavated to be linked up to an epic brand new 30 km Underground  Urban Wastewater system this 4.2 billion pound Subterranean network will run directly beneath  the river temps serving 13 burs and the city of London sewer expert Colin Fen is meeting engineer  John kakorin of the temps tideway [Music] project John I've come down this huge shaft wh

ich it's  so many steps deep how far below ground are we here well we 35 M deep and it's a 12 1/2 M  diameter shaft how on Earth did you construct such a shaft like this so we dig out a meter  then we spray a lining we spray concrete then we continue to do another meter spray spray that  lining and carry on down the main tunnel is 300 M that way or will be ult timately we've completed  this connection tunnel so this is 300 M long and later on this year underneath the river temps  the larger main

tunnel with the tunnel boring machine will come through eat off the side of  our tunnel just the very end of it whilst the larger main tunnel Boring Machine spans over 10  m the smaller feeder tunnels need their own agile tunneling equipment this is the specialist  excavator we use call it a sha excavator it runs on electric and the two big features of  this which make it good for tunneling uh one is the special knuckle joint on the arm here  which means you can dig that tunnel profile and the

second one is all the spoil comes into  this conveyor system so the excavator driver doesn't have to keep rotating and the guys can  excavate 1 m in an hour we actually have four or five dumper trucks this machine keeps them busy  basically they keep loading it and they take it away as quick as possible and it's taken  away by surface mck wagons and used for land reclamation now this tunnel has been designed to  last 120 years and we want to absolutely minimize the amount of Maintenance because

it's very  very difficult to go into a sewage system once it's operational currently in London when there's  heavy rainfall and the storm drain network fills with water it floods the sewer system meaning  raw sewage escapes into the temps the pumping station here is activated on average once a week  so over the course of one year that's 2 million tons of sewage going into the river which we will  intercept so any fish in the river anyone canoeing anyone dipping their hand in the temps is likely 

to have a bit of a surprise 50 days of the year I've talked to people locally around Hammersmith  and they know when the sewage is coming out because it it kills the fish we're going to do  something about this and have this fantastic project within a few years time we'll capture all  that sewage and we'll have a much better cleaner River temps this is a massive forward-thinking  underground engineering project for the public and environmental good it builds on the groundbreaking  work of visio

nary engineer Joseph baselet who created London's existing sewer system back in  the 1860s when if you look back when basette designed his 150 years years ago the population  of London was 2 million we're now at close to 10 million one reason for temp's tideways  construction is the rapid expansion of London over the last century  Joseph Basel jet sewers were built because London was growing but  more importantly because people were dying s Peter basil jet is Joseph's great great  grand grandson

it was in about 1831 that the bacterium chera arrived from India lots of  people drawing the drinking water from the temps but their sewage was flowing out of their  houses into the temps of other tributaries they were drinking their own excrement thousands of  people were dying in these outbreaks of chera it actually would have got worse and worse  and worse had there not been a cleansing of the city and a Citywide solution this is cross  Nest sewage pumping station on the south side of the ri

ver temps away from the city it's  where Basel Jet's Mammoth Subterranean system culminates this is a cathedral a cathedral  to Municipal engineering we're at the end of Basel Jet's major sewage Improvement  works that he had started in 1856 across London so here we have a map of London showing the  Basel jet sewer Network all in place so firstly in the north of London there are three main sewers  uh they all meet at Abby Mill's pumping station at the top then in South London we have three more 

and they come flowing down takes the waste and puts it out to cross Nest where it then hits the  more tidal reaches of the temps and it can hold the waist and then release it as the T goes out  cross Ness was the southern guardian of that sewer Network it was a matter of huge pride and at the  opening we saw Prince Albert and Lords and Ladies came here so it was something to boast about  it wasn't going to just be a Anonymous building hidden away in the marshes we're surrounded by the  cast iro

n tracery and then all around here we've got beam engines beam engines with pumps that are  being used to move the effluent that's been taken through the sewers the pumps were used to lift  affluent from the sewers deep underground it was held in pens and then 75,000 tons of sewage would  be released with the estery tide out towards the North Sea this is a massive piece of pumping  work everything here is just solid it's just gorgeous this is something to be proud of Peter  hello hello so Colin

here's our Cathedral of sewage basil jet was hardly talked about hardly  known compared to say Brunell because most of his achievements are underground and you can't see  them there was an article in one of the newspapers I think it was The Observer that called him the  drain brain and then having read that I realized quite how profound his achievements were London  at the time had a population of between two and two and a half million and when Basel jet finally  got the money to execute the sch

eme um he overs specs the whole scheme for an population of about  4 and a half million it allowed London to grow as a sort of economic entity what Joseph baselet did  was save a city he was a true Visionary and Joseph baselet enabled a healthy London to thrive but  his underground engineering genius wasn't a first decades before in the 1830s 200 M north of London  in the city of Liverpool a civil engineer called James Newlands was about to create the world's  first integrated Subterranean sewer

system if we were to think about Liverpool in the 1830s it was  filthy we had butchers slaughtering animals in the street fish mongers throwing the guts around and  hoping for a heavy rain to maybe wash them down into the Mery there was a sanitary report and  it highlighted Liverpool as being particularly filthy the medical officer noted that the poor  were living in Dreadful conditions in basement in fact he said I found them inundated with  fluid filth which had OED through the walls from adj

oining Ash pits and pits as an important  port for the industrial heartlands of the north of England Liverpool's reputation for schal and  disease started to affect its trade as a port in 1847 James newand was appointed the first bur  engineer from this it went from the basest form of Filth and disgusting environment to really the  heights of modern sanitary thinking James jand turned out to be in some ways the sanitary savior  of Liverpool didn't he yes he he definitely did when he arrived in L

iverpool and was appointed  he targeted a lot of specific issues such as Street lighting Pavements communal bath houses  which all played the small part of ultimately cleaning up Liverpool in conjunction with a major  sewage system which he created the first of its kind construction began in 1848 and by 1851 27 km  of main sewers had been built this increased to a staggering 480 km by 1869 the construction of the  world's first integrated sewer Network completely changes the health and the outlo

ok for Liverpool  the the fact I think the average age before systems like this were built life expectancy  in Liverpool was 19 however just by building these and putting these in place that over the  10e period it took to constructive doubled the life expectancy doubled Liverpool's pioneering  Subterranean sewer project had transformed the lives of its people and it wasn't going unnoticed  this was a model that was then going to be picked up by other towns and cities most notably across  London

to manage this new modern sanage Revolution it was designed to last it was designed to allow  the city to grow this was a standard design in the Victorian era and it was built using an open  cut method so this would have been exposed built by the various Traders and laborers and then  eventually once it's complete then they back fill the ground above it you can actually see  individual chisel marks where each individual storm was crafted CU we've got bricks on the  bottom and then a stone archi

ng over the top yes and then that comes on to a brick channel on  the bottom that's carrying the effluence around yes it keeps the solids in the Middle where the  velocity is the greater the actual gradient is 1 in 113 so that actually gives it the potential  to self cleanse so the floors will be enough to ensure that it's kept as clean as you can see at  Peak flows this sewer can handle 32 million L per hour enough to fill an olympic size swimming pool  in 3 and 1/2 minutes the age that it is a

t 150 plus years and the condition and the cleanliness  of it suggests he might have had a good idea this is the first time anyone had contemplated having  an integrated sewer system across anywhere in the world me this was Radical it was a system that  many other people followed after and ultimately it was was built for a reason it achieved that  reason and it's still standing so it is quite Magnificent the remarkable thing about Liverpool  sewers is that we can still see parts of that original

Victorian brick Network integrated  in to Modern concrete systems the victorians created revolutionary underground networks that  made Britain healthier and allowed it to grow we need today to understand as much as they did  in the Victorian era that great Public Works are a legacy I mean this is something that  people couldn't have imagined years ago the Technologies the way that it's all come together  and I'm looking forward to that day when we start seeing Wildlife coming into the river you

know  and who knows we could see dolphins coming up and down the temps and W that' be fantastic this  infrastructure has been designed to last not just our generation not just our children's  Generations but for Generations beyond that [Music] [Music]