Hello there and welcome. My name is Calliope and I'm going to be
administering your eye examination today. How are you doing today? Okay. I hope by the time you leave this examination you feel even just the
littlest bit better. So we have a very special kind of eye examination for you
today. We are going to be taking a look— of course at the eye—but we're going to
get a little in-depth with it. We're going to be testing the functionality of
your rods and cones. We're going to be looking at your
peripheral vision as well
as your blind spot. There is going to be quite a few different tests and
I'm also going to tell you a little bit about what we're looking at and the
anatomy of some of these things as well. Does that sound okay to you? Wonderful. Would you mind if I just grab your name and date of birth real
quick? Just to confirm. Good and is that your
preferred name? How do you like to be addressed? Excellent. Got
that down. So for this examination I'm just going to need to be touchin
g you a little
bit primarily for our examination of the eye and the back of
the eye. Is that okay with you? Do I have your
permission to do that? Wonderful. Thank you. So let's go ahead
and start by taking a little look at the anatomy of the eye and what I'm looking for. So this chart of the eye probably has a few things that you might be
unfamiliar with. So I'd love to tell you a little bit about it. First we have the pupil
and the Iris right here. So the Iris is this dark orange light red part
. The pupil
right here. We have the lens. We have the little ciliary muscles
right here. This gray part is both the sclerae
which is that white part of the eye. A very
tough part of the eye. And we also have the
cornea which is a translucent layer on the eye. It's on the front of the
eye. It doesn't have any blood vessels but it does have nerves. We can actually stimulate a corneal reflex by
touching the cornea with a little bit of cotton
and it should make you blink. We have the
sclerae. And th
en we have a layer underneath. This pink layer is
called the choroid. And this houses blood vessels. And then this
yellow part is a couple of things. So we have the hyaloid channel
from the lens all the way down here. Right here is the optic disc
and this is your optic nerve. We also have our blood vessels here. You can see. And this part of the yellow is the retina. And the
retina is what contains your photo receptors
or your rods and cones. We also have this
little dip right here. And this is
called the fovea. So right in this area is something called a
macula. And you can't see it on here but we
do have it on the little fundus chart here. But the fovea is the central part of the
macula. This gives you the sharpest vision which
is why when you're looking directly at
something that's very sharp but the rest of your
vision is not; it's much more dull. And this part only
contains cones. Now the cones are your photo
receptors that work in bright to moderate light
and they work in color,
black and white. They're used for high
acuity and fine detail. Whereas your rods
work mostly at night and in dim light. However,
they're not color sensitive. So that's why
when it's dark out, you are seeing in a gray
scale. They don't really work with color. So
you're mostly seeing in black and white. So let's pivot to what
I'm going to be looking at when I'm looking at your eye with the
ophthalmoscope. So this is the ophthalmoscope. I have a light. I have a little pinhole that
I look through. A
nd when I'm looking
through this lens here, this is what I'm going to
be looking at. This is the fundus, the back of the
eye. We have the blood vessels. We have the optic disc right here. So that's where your optic nerve is. It's kind of hard to tell on the drawing. This
should be a much lighter color. But I have a little bit of yellow
just to make that a little more obvious. And
then right here, we have the fovea right in the middle, this darker
color. And we have the macula. And this is this l
ighter color. So
if you remember the fovea, which is this
little part right here, that's what is right here. And then the macula surrounds that. This
is everything that I'm going to be checking
on, looking at the health of all these structures
when I get up close and personal with the
ophthalmoscope. So I'm going to start this
examination by taking a little peek at the
external eye. I'm going to get a little closer. And we're going to start by just inspecting
the eyes, looking at the eyebrows an
d
eyelashes, the distribution of the little hairs. I'll be looking at the sclera, that white part
of the eye. Very tough part of the eye. I'm going to be looking at
at the Iris, the pupil, the little tear ducts, right at the
inner corners of the eye. And I'd like to take
a look at the tissues of the eyelids as well. So I'm going to pull up on the eyelid and I
want you to look down. for me. Alight? I'm
going to pull up, you look down. Good. Okay. And I'm going to pull down on the eyelid
and I wan
t you to look up. Alright? Okay. I'm
going to pull down, you look up. Good. All
right. That's nice and pink and not overly red
or pale. And I'm going to bring in a little light real quick. And
I'm going to use my ophthalmoscope for. the light. However,
we're not going to take a peek at the fundus
just yet. So I'm going to have you stare just
straight ahead for me. Okay. And swing the
other side. Good. Very good. And while I'm
looking at the eyes—this is the swinging light
test—but I want to make
sure that the eyes are equal, round,
and reactive to the light. Good. Okay. Let's look at the other side. There we go. Once the last time that you've
had an eye examination? Okay, not too long ago. Very good. And now we're going to take a
little look at the fundus of the eye, the back of the eye. So I'm
going to put my hand atop your head just to study myself. And I'm
going to be getting very close. I'm going to first
kind of be at an angle and then come in. And
we're going to take a look at ev
erything
going on behind the pupil behind the Iris, behind
everything that we can see with our eyes. So I am going to start with my hand
up here. And we start by looking for something
known as the red light reflex. Let me get a bit of a, there we go. A little bit of a better view. Looking for the red light reflex. And
I'm going to get in real close here. So I am
looking at a few different things here. Looking
at the fovea, the macula. The optic disk, the blood vessels. Good. Let's get a little c
loser. Very
good. Okay. I'm going to back off. And then
we're going to look on the other side. I'm going
to put my hand right here. And let's take a
little peek here. Look for that red light reflex. And then we're
going to come in real close. So most of us probably don't know
what the fovea is. But it's likely that you've
heard of the macula. before more specifically
in a condition called macular degen—
rather, macular degeneration. And most people are
aware of the optic nerve, but they're not
e
xactly sure where it is. But with this tool, I can actually look at
it myself. Isn't science wonderful? So that looks like a very healthy back of the
eye. If you'll give me just a moment. There we go. And so we are going to move
on to testing the rods and cones. So we're primarily going to be
testing the color vision. So that would be more
focused on the cones. So we will bring
a little bit of light in the play as well. So
we can look a little bit into those rods. Okay. So let's talk about the r
ods and cones for
a moment. These are the two kinds of
photoreceptors that your eye uses to see the world. So the rods, these are what the eye uses
in low light or night conditions. And the cones
are what see color. So there are about 120
million rods in the eye. And there are about
6 million cones. These are specialized neurons
that send information to the brain about what
it is that you're seeing. Now the cones are used
to see color and they're used in the daylight. They're used in bright to m
oderate light. They're also used for
fine detail. So we had mentioned that the fovea had only contained
cones. This is what it contains. While the
other parts of the retina have both rods and
cones. So there are three kinds of cones that
we use. We have red, green, and blue cones. And these allow us to see everything in the
visible light spectrum. Now even though we only
have those three colors, they can work together
so that we can see other colors as well. But cones are very light sensitive. S
o if there is a dim object,
it's actually easier to see out of the corner of your eye. Because remember that the fovea, the center
part of your vision, contains only cones. And
these are the ones that need to work in bright or moderate light. So then the rods working in the other parts of the eye. If you look at something and
you look just to the side of it, it's going to appear more
clearly than if you were looking at it head on. You can see this in the night sky where if
you're looking at a di
m star, if you look just
to the side of it, it's going to appear much brighter than if you
were looking directly at it. So now that we have a little bit of a better idea of what
we're looking for, what we're looking at, I am going to test you with the Ishihara
plates. And we're going to be testing for deutan and protan type
abnormalities. So we're going to look at some
of these plates. You may have seen these
before. I'm going to ask you what number or
what picture is in the middle of the plate.
And we'll see if there's any sort of issue
with your color vision. So let's open this up. And I want you to tell me what you see in
the middle of this picture. right here. What number
do you see in the middle of this picture. Good. This is a 12. And what about in this picture
right here? What do you see in the middle of
this picture between the browns, the Greens
and the reds? Good. This is an
eight. And what
about this picture right here? What do you
see here? This is a six. Good. And what abo
ut
this picture? What do you see in the middle of
this one? This is a 29. And what about this one? What do you see in the middle of this one? 57. Good. We're going to change the colors a little
bit. What do you see in the middle of this
one? It is a little difficult. This one is a five. Good. And what about this. one? What do you see
here? Three. How about here? It's a 15. And here? Yes,
this one's kind of difficult to you. It was seven and
a one. (Actually a four, LOL) What about here? Two and
this one? Nine. Good. Let's move on to something a little
different. What can you see in this picture? That's
right. There shouldn't be anything in this
picture. What about this one? Do you see anything
here? No. And what about this one? What do you
see here? Good. And what about this one? The
reds, the olives, the blues. What do you
see here? Okay. There's nothing there. We've got
some new colors. What do you see here in this
picture? We have a 26, and this one? 42. Here? 35. And this one. 96.
And the last few. What do you see in this picture? It looks like a
couple of snakes, yep. What about this one? Very good. There's nothing
there. And what about here? Nothing? What about here? Very good. So now we're going to do a fun little test
where I have a whole slew of different colored pencils. And I am
going to have you tell me what color they are. And we're not
just going to do it right in front of you. No, no. We are also going
to do it in the periphery, which is going to be probably qu
ite
a bit harder. And we're also going to do it in
more of a dimmer light as well. So we can
activate those rods a little bit. So I'm just going
to have you tell me what color you see. Okay. What color is this? What color do you see
here? Good. Orange. And what about this color? What is this color? Pink. And what about this color? Purple. And what about this one. You don't have to get too specific with
it, but just a general color group. You could
say this one is blue. Could say it's turquoise.
This colored
pencil says it is aqua green. And what about this color? What about
this color? Yellow. Yes. Bright yellow. And what
about this one? Technically not a color, right? White. It's all the light combined. And what about
this color? Green. Very good. So let's make
it a little more difficult. This time, I am going to ask you to tell
me what color I'm holding up, but I want you to focus on my nose. I want you to focus on my nose and don't move
your eyes from my nose. Okay. So it'll be a
li
ttle bit of a fun one. What color am I holding
up? Yes, that's green. Good. And what color
am I holding up? Can you see it? Yes, this is
orange. And what about this color? You see
what color I'm holding up? Blue. And what about this color? What color
am I holding up? This is a brown. See if I wasn't holding the
colors, it is kind of difficult even for me
to see what color it is. And what about this
color? What is this color? Red. What about this
color? What is this color right here? Purple. And
what about this one? What color can
you see? Yellow. And last one. This one
might be a touch tricky. Yes, this is black. Very
good. Now, I'm going to turn the lights
down a little bit. It takes a few moments for
the eyes to adjust to the color change. So I'll
give it a couple moments before we try again. So I'm just going to come over here. And I'm just going to press
the button. And it's going to get just a little bit darker in
here. And wait. If you've ever noticed that you've
come out of some
where dark like a theater,
and then you come outside. It's very, very
bright outside, right? That would be because
primarily your rods are being engaged and
it takes a little bit of time for them to click
off and for the cones to activate instead. Now, I'm just going to grab our colors. Good. And how does
everything seem? Is it a little more clear? Okay. So now let's work with the dark a little
bit. And I'm going to hold up a color. I want
you to do your best to tell me what color it is. What co
lor is this. It's purple. What about this color? Green. This color? It's red. What about this color? Blue. This
one. It's brown. And what about this color? We're a flick. It's quite a bit of light. So it might be a little easier. The yellow. What about this color? Orange. Mm-hmm. What about this color? Black. This one? Yes. White. And what about this color? Pink. Very
good. And let's do some peripheral testing. Just
let me know what color you see but I'm going to
have you focus on my nose. So wh
atever color you
see out of the corner of your eye, colors this. Red. What color is this? Pink. And what color is this? Yellow. What about this color? Purple. Looks kind of blue to me. What about this color. Brown. And this
color. Orange. What about this color? Blue. This color? Yeah, it's
kind of a, it's supposed to be pumpkin, but out of
the corner of my eye, it almost looks kind of pink. But that is orange. And what about this color? Green. Yes. And the darker colors are a lot harder
than the
lighter colors, the ones that reflect
a lot more light. So your eyes can pick up
that light and then activate those cones. I'm going
to turn back on the light. And things are a little bright. So, I'm going to give you a minute to re-acclimate. Very good. And then we're
going to work on testing your peripheral vision
and your blind spot as well. So the peripheral vision
doesn't need us to pull out the ol' anatomy
charts. But I would like to show you a little bit about the blind spot
and why it i
s that we have a blind spot. So the reason that we
have a blind spot is because when we're talking about
the eye—and this is the retina where we see
everything, where light is picked up and we get
an image—there's this area right here that the
optic nerve is in. So right here is not where we're
going to be able to see. anything. And we can see
in the picture of the fundus here, there's just this
small little spot right here. This is your blind
spot. This is where the optic nerve exits the
eye an
d goes to the brain so that your brain
can interpret the signals that your eye is telling
it. We're going to start with the finger wiggle
test. And I just want you to tell me which fingers you
see wiggling while you are focused on my nose. So just
going to have you tell me which side is wiggling? Okay,
just keep looking at my nose. Mm-hmm. Good. Mm-hmm. Yep. Good. Yep. Mm-hmm. Good. Good. Mm-hmm. Yep. Good. Uh-huh. Good. Yep. Good. Mm-hmm. Yep. Good. Mm-hmm. Yes. Couple
of sneakies. Now I'm goin
g to have you keep your
eyes focused on my nose. And I'm going to be
bringing my finger in. And I want you to tell me
when you see it come in to your vision, alright? So just let me know when you see my finger
come into your vision. Good. Yep. Good. Mm-hmm. Yep. Good. Good. Yep. Mm-hmm. Good. Good. Very good. And then I'm going
to be grabbing a paper test. And we're going to do a couple
different ways of testing your blind spot. So in order
to elicit that blind spot, we're going to have to
do a
couple of kind of strange tests. And your
brain doesn't want you to know that you do have a
blind spot. Your brain is very good at filling in the
blanks, filling in pictures. And it's going to try
to resist seeing that blind spot. So it
might be a little difficult for us to get that to
be induced. If it doesn't happen, that's fine. It's kind of a tricky process. That's why
we're also going to try to couple different ways. But if it does, let me know when that happens. So I
have a paper right her
e. And we have a plus sign
and we have a circle right here. And I am going to have
you close one of your eyes. Let's close
this one, for example. So if you close this
eye, this one's open. I want you to look at this
symbol right here. Okay? So while you're focusing on this, as I bring
this paper in, at some point, this dot should disappear. You
shouldn't see it anymore because it comes into
your blind spot. That's where you can't see it, as
if it doesn't exist at all. So I am going to very slowl
y,
very slowly bring this in. I want you to keep focusing on this part
right here. Okay? So if you could focus, I'm going to very slowly
move this in. Okay? Just keep looking at that
little symbol there. Okay? Very slowly. Good. Try that one more time. Look at
that little plus sign. Move this in. Good. Now we're going
to try it with the other side. So since we're going
to be looking at this one, I want you to close this
eye and look with this eye. So if you keep your eyes
trained on that little
circle right there. I'm going to
bring this in very slowly, good. Okay. And one more time. Keep your eyes focused on the circle there. Good. That one can be a little
hit or miss, so we're going to try another test as
well. So I'm going to have you cover one eye. So I'll cover this one and I'll have you cover
this one right here. so that we're both
covering that side. And I'm going to have you look
at the tip of this pen. I'm going to bring it
across your vision and I want you to let me know
when
it disappears for you. Okay? So just keep your
eye covered there. I'm just going to very
slowly bring this across. There should be a point
where you can't see it anymore. Kind of does a little bit of a skip. Very slowly. I can feel when my eye
just does that little shift. Good. And we're going
to try the other side. So I'm going to have
you cover this eye. I'm going to cover
this eye. And just look at the tip of the pen. Tell
me when it disappears. Okay? Just tell me when you see it disappear.
Just tell me when you see it disappear. Okay. And that is testing for
the blind spot. Kind of a tricky one. Excellent. So that about covers
all of our special eye tests today. Do you have any questions at all? Okay. Very good. I'd
like to thank you so much for joining me for
these special eye tests. I really appreciate
you being my little Guinea pig. I hope you
have a whale of a day. And a good rest your night. Thank you. Bye now. Thank you so much for watching this video,
I really appreciate it
. I create primarily medical, alternative medicine/pseudoscience,
and personal attention roleplays. If you want to check out a specific category
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box and written on our l
ittle end screen here. I hope you have a whale of a day, and a good
rest of your night.
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