What you are looking at is legendary director,
Andrei Tarkovsky’s response to one of the worst things that can happen to a filmmaker—
while filming the most expensive shot of his movie The Sacrifice, involving a man burning
his house down in one long take, the camera jammed during the take and the house burned
down... without being filmed. Jammed! They scraped together some money and rebuilt
the house over two weeks to film it again. This wonderful edit at the end is actually
just the end of the
take because they used up the entire reel on the one shot (Wiki). Reportedly, the cinematographer had advised
Tarkovsky to use more than one camera for the shot the first time around, but the director
decided against it (stopsmilingonline). I mean, at least he didn’t choose to bring
zero cameras… although he might as well have. I bet you’re thinking, ’that’s some
bad luck right there' well, that’s nothing. Seven years before filming The Sacrifice,
Tarkovsky sacrificed his sanity to make this mo
vie: Stalker. Stalker had one of the most
difficult productions in cinema history and possibly even caused Tarkovsky’s death.
You don’t have to have seen the movie to watch this video, but it’s very possible
you already have — it’s currently the most streamed movie on The Criterion Channel
streaming service. So let’s see why one crew member described
the production of Stalker as “a mirror of a hellish trip” (Cohn). This is CinemaTyler Show. If you are unfamiliar with Andrei Tarkovsky,
here is a
mini-bio: Andrei Tarkovsky was a Russian film director
who’s main work was between 1962 and 1986. His style was slow, methodical, and atmospheric— often involving really beautiful shots of nature. His father was a poet and you could
say that Andrei was a poetic filmmaker. He’s most similar to directors like Ingmar Bergman
or Robert Bresson. And you most likely have seen his influence even recently. Much like
Christopher Nolan today, Tarkovsky's main interests in the art of filmmaking revolved
ar
ound time. He thought of filmmaking as “sculpting in time” and he is known for lingering on
a shot for long periods for the purpose of, as Roger Ebert put it, “absorbing” you
rather than entertaining you. My favorite movie of his is ’The Mirror,’ but I would
start with Ivan’s Childhood (about a child army scout during World War Two), which is
more traditional, or Solaris (about a space station orbiting a mysterious planet that
creates perfect copies of people from your memory), which is his movi
e that seems to
have caught on the most in the mainstream. And it’s a direct answer to the cleanliness
of Stanley Kubrick’s future in 2001: A Space Odyssey— Tarkovsky was quoted saying, “Let’s
make OUR space station like a broken down bus." He hated 2001: A Space Odyssey, by the way,
but he hated it in a motivating way. It’s very likely that we got Solaris because of
2001. It makes sense— Kubrick is one side of the brain and Tarkovsky is the other. There
is a fascinating video showing the simila
rity in style and imagery between the two directors, which I'll put a link to down in the description. Out of the seven features Tarkovsky directed,
only Solaris and Stalker were really science fiction movies. It is really interesting seeing Tarkovsky
apply his craft to science fiction. Personally, I would have loved to have seen a Tarkovsky horror
movie or even a screwball comedy or something. Apparently he didn’t consider himself a
sci-fi fan, calling the genre full of “comic book” elements an
d “vulgar commercialism,”
so I guess he wouldn’t like some of these 'sci-fi' movies coming out now (BFI). But
I’m sure there are many he would like and many that were influenced by him. That said, shortly
before his death, he saw James Cameron’s The Terminator and said its “as a vision
of the future and the relation between man and his destiny, the film is pushing the frontier
fo cinema as an art” (Wiki). Stalker takes place after a mysterious object
from space crashes into a fictitious country.
Troops were sent in, but never returned. The government put walls up around this ‘Zone’
to keep people away from its strange effect on reality. Imagine if you can, a forbidden Zone of unimaginable
mystery and one unauthorized guide to the Zone known as a Stalker, hired to sneak a
Writer and a Professor into the heart of the Zone’s magic— a room that grants the deepest
desires of anyone who enters it. And it stars Natalie Portman… just kidding. The film was based on a novella named ‘Roadside
Pic
nic’ by the Strugatsky brothers (Wiki). The film is extremely slow moving, but that’s
the point. It envelops you. You feel like you are there instead of watching the story
happen to other people. I almost feel like some of these really long
takes allow your mind to wander as if you were the character— you are intrigued by
the nature of the Zone and what will happen next, but you are given space to contemplate
the concept as the character would without being told what to think at any given moment
.
And the movie seamlessly transitions into these contemplative segments. Tarkovsky hired Georgy Rerberg as cinematographer.
Rerberg had shot Tarkovsky’s previous film, The Mirror, in 1975. They wanted to use the
“expressive texture” of the abandoned power plants in Estonia and Tallinn, which
as strangely beautiful as it was, caused lots of logistical problems. The crew often had
to work in some very uncomfortable situations for hours on end, but we’ll get more into
that later (Cinephilia & Beyo
nd). One of the earlier issues involved Tarkovsky’s
wife Larisa— who demanded to play the role of the Stalker’s wife in the film (The Guardian).
She was very difficult on the set, earning the nickname: “the Empress” (The Guardian). Rerberg asked Tarkovsky if he wanted Larisa
or the actual actress, which was apparently enough to get Tarkovsky to come to his senses
and hire Alisa...ummm… Alisa (The Guardian). Larisa, his wife, was piiissssed. She hated
Rerberg. The real problems would begin once t
hey got
the footage back. The footage had been brought to a lab in Moscow to be developed, but when
it was done, they noticed that “the image looked dark and greenish” (Cinephilia & Beyond). I’m not sure why they were just starting
to see footage after several months of shooting, but nevertheless, the film was ruined. Months
and months of extremely stressful hectic work was destroyed (Le Fanu). Can you imagine
looking back on all the issues on the set and all of the problems and realizing that
you might as well have not had film in the camera at all? The problem was twofold— a mistake in the
development along with a defective batch of film (Cinephilia & Beyond). Here are somestills from the ruined film, so you can see what it looked like. They had been shooting on an, at the time, experimental—
Kodak 5247 (actually one of the more famous film stocks) and the Soviet film labs were
not yet experienced in how to develop it (Safiullin, Wiki). Alien, The Shining, Star Wars, and Blade Runne
r were
also shot on that film stock (shotonwhat). What happened next, as you can imagine, was
a nightmare of determining who was to blame and the decision about whether or not to go
on. They fired the second cameraman who was apparently [quote] “responsible for exposure,”
but it probably wasn’t his fault (Cinephilia & Beyond). The next to go was the production
designer and so on down the line (Cinephilia & Beyond). Tarkovsky had already been having problems
with Rerberg, his cinematographer, bef
ore the film stock was ruined (Wiki). Rerberg
had said that he was trying to make his own film simultaneously (Cohn). He even said that
when he worked on The Mirror with Tarkovsky, which was Tarkovsky’s auto-biography, that
[quote] “Andrei made a film about himself, and I, about myself. Luckily, it was the same
film” (Cohn). That's kind of messed up, right? Isn’t that like
hiring a stalker to take you into the Zone, but instead he just takes you over to his
house so he can show you his Blu-ray c
ollection. And you’re like, “What’s so special
magical this place?” And he says, “Oh man, you just have to believe. You just have to
belieeeeve, man.” Rerberg was born into a highly intellectual
family in 1937— during the height of Stalin’s repression of poets and artists who were often
arrested for their work (Cohn). The thing you must realize is that Stalker is about
a an artist-- a writer-- who lives under a repressive government. Of course Rerberg is
going to want to tell the story. His pare
nts drilled into his mind the importance
of authority in your artistic voice (Cohn). So, Tarkovsky and Rerberg would often butt
heads on the set. One time Tarkovsky asked Rerberg to do an effect that he saw in an
Ingmar Bergman film. They even had a “special studio” made to get the effect, but Rerberg
couldn’t do it the way Tarkovsky wanted and Tarkovsky flipped out on him (The Guardian).
I wish I knew what the effect was. If you have an idea, let me know in the comments. So when he found out th
e film stock was ruined,
Tarkovsky immediately fired Rerberg. Hasta la vista, baby. This was a whole thing and there was even
a documentary made in 2009 detailing Rerberg’s side called “Rerberg and Tarkovsky: The
Reverse Side of “Stalker." In 1993, Tarkovsky’s diaries were published
and not only did he write that Rerberg was a terrible cinematographer, but that he sucked
as a person, too (The Guardian). But… this disdain might not be as intense as it seemed--
apparently Tarkovsky would dictate h
is diary for various people for write down including
his wife, who you’ll remember, hated Rerberg’s guts (Cohn). According to his diaries, the 70s were particularly
tough for Tarkovsky (Le Fanu). At one point, he considered quitting cinema entirely and
directing theater productions (Le Fanu). I mean, the film can’t get ruined if there
is no camera, right? Stalker was actually the climax of Tarkovsky’s decade of anguish (Le Fanu). His film Andrei Rublev from 1966 “bad been
denied a domestic relea
se” and the script he wanted to make next was denied because
it was too personal— this would later become The Mirror (BFI). The studio was ready to pull the plug on the
whole thing (Wiki). They were losing money, but instead of scrapping the production entirely,
they decided to let Tarkovsky try again (Safiullin). Tarkovsky had "proposed a two-part film,”
and used the leftover money to reshoot, but they only had enough money to shoot one of
the two parts (Safiullin). With Rerberg gone, Tarkovsky
had to find a
new DP to shoot his film. He hired Leonid Kalashnikov and, the following autumn, they
reshot for months at “an abandoned hydroelectric power station in Estonia” because the original location
they wanted had an earthquake (Dyer). Tarkovsky saw what he had shot and… it sucked.
It had no magic. Tarkovsky was like, “This is bullshit, man! This isn’t the way I wanted
it, damnit!” So, yeah, he fired Leonid. So, Tarkovsky decided to shoot Stalker for a THIRD
TIME! This time with a new ci
nematographer named Alexander Knyazhinsky and Tarkovsky
changed the script around and apparently, the version shot by Alexander is very different from what
was shot the previous year (Wiki). The version shot by Alexander is the one that we know (Le
Fanu). This final version of the film was shot using
a KSN camera, which is the Soviet version of the Mitchell NC (Cinephilia & Beyond).
Nearly every shot in The Zone that isn’t a close-up, was shot using a Cooke Varotal
20-100mm T3.1 zoom lens (Cinep
hilia & Beyond). This lens was [quote] “as big as an artillery
shell and it cost the same as a passenger car” (Cinephilia & Beyond). The first shot of the new production was the one where the handcar finally stops in The Zone (Cinephilia & Beyond). The production
designer, Rashid Safiullin, said that the shots leading up to the men’s entry into
The Zone required a large fence with barbed wire, but the production didn’t give him any materials this second time around (Safiullin). Although, when th
ey were ready to shoot, he saw that
the fence had been set up— could it be the zone???? But really, he was implying that
there was something going on in the background whether that be stealing, finding, swapping,
or you know, buying materials somehow (Safiullin). Another shot affected by the diminished budget
was the shot of the tanks “lurking in the mist.” In an interview, Safiullin said,
"The first year we had had seven or eight tanks and five armored troop-carriers. It
was all brought from Mo
scow and placed around. The next year there was no money. The limit
was three tanks and two armored troop-carriers. All right, we took it. Andrei said, “Can you draw a sketch of it?”
I worked for two or three days drawing the storyboard. Because he needed a full-blooded
picture, didn’t he? With him there had to be not a single unmotivated flower in the
frame, let alone the tanks. We needed an illusion, a great number of tanks being there and like
something had happened to them. Like they had mel
ted or gone to pieces, people in there
disappearing somewhere. The whole scene had to breathe a drama. He had two, three scattered
points in his mind. I knew the situation and I said, “I’ll do this.” But they brought
the tanks and gave us 1.5 hours instead of the two or three days that we really needed,
so that they could be seen from several angles. And they had to be placed at the very entrance.
But a tank passing the marshland destroys it for five to ten years. And there had to
be no trace th
at they had just been brought there. We needed an illusion they had been
there for about 20 years… overgrown with moss. So it was a predicament” (Safiullin). That said, Safiullin noted that, as much
as Stalker was altered over the course of its productionS, “not a single alteration
was accidental. It was a result of complex creative work” (Safiullin). Apparently
the alterations were so frequent that they were doing reshoots way back during the first
version with Rerberg because they had changed
something in the script and had the reshoot
the scene (Cinephilia & Beyond). Tarkovsky is so good at making the setting
look stunning that you don’t really realize how miserable it was to actually be there.
One scene had the crew standing for hours [quote] “up to their knees in stinking puddles
of oil, while effluent discharged, upriver, from a paper processing plant enveloped the
set in a fetid miasma. This went for months on end (Le Fanu). In fact, one of the only two shots from the
original v
ersion of the film that made it into the final cut involved a “river covered
in reddish foam” (Cinephilia & Beyond). This was [quote] “the waste of pulp and
paper [that] was dumped into [the] river from an industrial complex" (Cinephilia & Beyond).
The other shot from the first version was the one where the camera floats over the mirror (Cinephilia & Beyond). The main part of the movie where the three
men journey through the zone was shot at “two hydro power plants on the Jägala river near
Talli
nn, Estonia” as well as in "Maardu, next to the Iru power plant" and some of the
scenes before the scenes in the Zone were shot at “an old Flora chemical factory,
in the center of Tallinn, next to the old Rotermann salt storage and the electric plant
(Wiki). So, you can probably tell where this is headed…
many of the crew members would later pass away from illnesses likely related to their
time working near hazardous chemicals and radiation (Dyer). Three of these deaths would
be Anatoly Solonits
yn the fantastic actor who played the writer— definitely check
him out in Andrei Rublev and The Ascent— Tarkovsky’s wife, and Tarkovsky himself
(Dyer). Tarkovsky was only 54 when he died— he could be alive right now. He’d be around
87 years old. Just think of all the masterpieces we missed out on. The sound designer, Vladimir Sharun is convinced
that it was the chemicals they were working around that killed them. He said that this
shot here of what looks like "snow falling in the summer and whit
e foam floating down
the river” was, in fact, “some horrible poison” and many of the female crew members
got “allergic reactions on their faces” from it (Wiki). This kind of makes the film feel similar to
the that picture of the core leaking out after the Chernobyl disaster. You shouldn’t be
able to see this and survive, and yet, you’re looking at it right now. And this picture
was taken a decade after the disaster when the radiation died down to one-tenth of what
it had been (Rare Historical Ph
otos). In fact, the Chernobyl disaster, involving
a catastrophic explosion at the power plant, made the surrounding area uninhabitable and
the area was referred to as the “Zone of alienation,” and some of the people who
make trips into the Zone to care for the Chernobyl power plant call themselves “stalkers”
(Wiki). So, what happened to the first version of
Stalker— it was a little greenish, right? We might be able to use color correction software
to fix that. Well, sadly, the film was destroyed
in a fire in 1988 (Le Fanu). The people who
had seen the first version said that, even though the film was damaged, it was still
“extraordinarily beautiful” (Le Fanu). Rerberg may have also been one of the victims
of Stalker’s hazardous chemicals having died at only 61 years old. Nearly all of the dreams Tarkovsky wrote in
his diary between 1974 and 1977 involved being in prison— and one dream had Tarkovsky escape from prison only to want to go back. Tarkovsky wrote: "At last, to my joy, I saw
the entrance to the prison, which I recognized by the bas-relief emblem of the USSR. I was
worried about how I was going to be received, but that was as nothing compared with the
horror of being out of prison” (Le Fanu). In an essay by Mark Le Fanu for Criterion,
he argues that Stalker is a fantasy wish to leave Russia, but knowing that it would be
either impossible or wrong to (Le Fanu). In 1976, Tarkovsky had bought a new house
“about two hundred miles southeast of Moscow,” but in 1979, shortl
y after Stalker, Tarkovsky
started traveling to Italy, ultimately deciding in 1982 never to return to Russia (Wiki). Over the three versions of Stalker, 16,000
feet of film was shot and yet some who have seen the both first version and the version
we’ve seen claim that the two versions“ are almost identical (Wiki). So, who knows
what’s going on. They’re identical; they’re extremely different. I don’t know. Maybe
the first one and the third one are similar and the second one was different— who kn
ows,
but I’ll leave you with a quote from an interview with Tarkovsky that I really think
sums up this story. He said, "To make a film you need money. To
write a poem all you need is pen and paper. This puts cinema at a disadvantage. But I
think cinema is invincible, and I bow down to all the directors who try to realize their
own films despite everything” (Cinephilia & Beyond). Thank you, Andrei. And thank YOU for watching! Let me know in
the comments if you want more videos on Stalker— I have
plenty of information. Don’t forget
to exit through the gift shop! Head on over to Patreon to get bonus content for just a
buck. My patrons actually chose Stalker as this video topic and you can vote on topics,
too! Just one buck gets you in and helps to keep this channel going. Thanks again for watching!
Comments
Fun unrelated fact: Tarkovsky wrote the script for Andrey Rublev together with another famous soviet director Andron Konchalovsky. After they'd finished the script, they decided to celebrate and took a cab to the Metropol restaurant. Once they'd sat down and were ready to touch glasses, they discovered that they'd left the script behind in the cab. They had been working on the script for a year; there was only one copy, and the copy was lost. The two directors got drunk out of disappointment and frustration, and a few hours later, when Tarkovsky got back to Metropol after a walk to have a few more drinks, the very same cab pulled over next to him, the driver silently gave him the script through the window and took off. I've heard this story from another terrific soviet director Andrey Smirnov, the creator of Belorussky Vokzal (Belorussian Railway Station).
I can't imagine how soul crushing and just unbelievably heartbreaking it would be to film such a meticulous and dangerous film just for it to get ruined Its a blessing that we even got to see the masterpiece in the first place
Anatoly Solonitsyn died from lung cancer in 1982 when he was only 47. Four years later, Tarkovsky died from the same illness. Solonitsyn was Tarkovsky's kindred spirit, his alter ego, they understood each other almost without words. I have loved and admired Solonitsyn ever since I first saw him in Stalker 13 years ago. What he did in Andrey Rublev, I think, is beyond acting craft, beyond art, beyond human. There was always something transcendental, otherworldly in all his roles. A video about Andrey Rublev would be very interesting. There are many stories around its production and, in particular, the way Solonitsyn approached his role (which initially belonged to Stanislav Lyubshin).
The fact that Tarkovsky liked The Terminator says alot about the film
I feel obligated to watch this movie not just because it looks interesting but also because I need to validate the effort and loss behind it.
It might be most streamed in certain places, however Stalker is still such an underrated film of it's time and still a very deep and mysterious movie, especially that ending, just wow! Honest moment, only watched this for the first time last year, this is a brilliant film.
I actually live and spent a lot of time of my childhood around the areas stalker was shot. And i think i remember my dad mentioning he ruined many takes of the film with a tractor.
This movie / the book, unless I'm mis-remembering, inspired the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. video game series, which was so great imo.
The problem with "ruined" footage is somewhat more complicated than that. According to memoirs of Boris Strugatsky (co-writer of both original book and movie script) Tarkovsky was extremely unhappy with movie as it was coming along and thought that the take on the story and Stalker's character is wrong. Apparently first version had more tough and proactive protagonist, more in line with the book and even referred as "Rambo like". So there is certain suspicion by some people whether footage was ruined by accident or deliberately. In the end Tarkovsky asked authors to re-write the script and apparently liked this new Stalker character a lot more. So that's what we've got and according to authors it is pretty different to original vision.
I saw 'Stalker' just because I was in a film club and it was on. I had no prior information about it. Probably the most visually stunning film I've ever seen ... years before CGI. It was all just (a few) sets, then incredible use of a blasted industrial landscape. The Russian V/O works like a musical soundtrack. I'd HATE to see a dubbed version! Amazing. On my greatest films, Top Ten List.
Tarkovsky was a visionary. That comes with a price tag that far exceeds the cost of a production. Many great artists have killed themselves to realize their vision. God bless them all.
Since he even dedicated it to him, I feel like von Trier's 'Antichrist' is the closest we'll ever get to a Tarkovsky horror film. I agree about missing out on so many great works in other genres he could have made. Great vid essay.
“The film [Stalker] needs to be slower and duller at the start so that the viewers who walked into the wrong theatre have time to leave before the main action starts.” ― Andrei Tarkovsky
I was left in awe and with so much unspoken emotions the first fine I saw "Stalker". It's an incredible journey, in my humble opinion far more superior than the source material, the "picnic" novella. I found the characters incredibly fascinating, and the visuals are really gorgeous. I was shocked when I hear about the intoxication and the death of both his genius and his talented crews. Solaris was enchanting, but this is the film that really got under my skin.
Hey, Tyler about that Bergman's effect you're talking on 7:58 In his interview in 1997, Rerberg said smth that might be it. It was about the scene with three people inside the power station. They tried medium shot but failed to get an image out of it and Tarkovsky was desperate about it cause Bergman and Nykvist were able to film long shots and he could not. So he asked Rerberg to try to film that scene with the widest lens they got which Rerberg did not like to work with. After that 2nd try they failed to get the image again so this time Tarkovsky demanded on using of the long-focus lens but Rerberg declined cause they did not have enough room in that building to move or to get the light. Then, after the crew managed to get a hole in the wall big enough for the camera dolly and for the lights from the outside of the compound, they did the 3rd take and still no image of the scene... So Rerberg got fired after that and to make that long shot Tarkovsky build the whole hangar for that scene (I think, that was that "special studio" you mentioned).
dude. I can't imagine how much work you put into all these edits. That's a lot of work
I love the idea of Kubrick being one side of the brain and Tarkosvky being the other purely from a poetic view. One is from the west, one is from the east, both operating during a very turbulent and tense time between their two countries, and they themselves are almost like opposites in their styles and motivations for movie making, despite both often times tackling similar subjects. Ying and yang, perfectly balanced, as all things should be.
"They told me I was daft for filming in a stagnant polluted swamp. But I did it anyway. That film collapsed into the swamp. So I filmed it a second time...that one burned down and sank into the swamp...but the THIRD film stayed!-Tarkovsky
God I'm obsessed with the Stalker 1979 film. I love how different it is from the book. No aliens, monsters or villains, just pure existencial crisis between the three characters as they walk into a lifeless zone trying to find some sort of meaning to life only to walk further and further into a void.
What an artist! The man literally killed himself for his art. Thank you for introducing Tarkovsky. I would have never known about him.