when did the Roman Empire start and why did it end beginning in the 7th Century BC ancient Rome expanded from a small town on the Tyber River in central Italy into the Empire that at its height controlled the majority of Continental Europe Britain a large portion of Western Asia Northern Africa and the Mediterranean Islands the widespread usage of romantic languages like Italian French Spanish Portuguese and Romanian derived from Latin the present Western alphabet and calendar and the establishm
ent of Christianity as a significant world religion are just a few of the numerous legacies of Roman domination following the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in the 1st Century BC Rome which had been a republic for 450 years was transformed into an empire in contrast the RO Roman Empire's Decline and fall by the 5th Century ad was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human civilizations this contrast with the Roman Empire's lengthy and glorious rule of its first Emperor Augustus
which inaugurated a golden age of peace and prosperity how long did the Roman Empire last in today's video we are going to talk about ancient Rome let's Dive Right In Romulus and Reis twin sons of Mars the God of War established Rome in 753 BC the Twins were saved by a She Wolf after being abandoned to drown in a basket on the Tyber by a king of the adjacent albalonga they survived to overthrow the king and create their city on the banks of the river in 753 BC Romulus after whom Rome was named b
ecame the first king after murdering his brother a succession of non-hereditary Kings from the Sabine Latin and at truscan earlier Italian cultures came after Romulus Numa pompilus tulus hostilius anus Marcus Lucius tarquinius priscus Tarin the Elder cus tulus and tarquinius Superbus or Tarin the proud are the seven mythological Kings of Rome 534 to 510 BC well they were referred to as rex or King in Latin all the kings after Romulus were elected by the Senate Rome's monarchy came to an end in 5
09 BC with the fall of Lucius tarquinius Superbus its seventh ruler who was described by ancient historians as being cruel and despotic in contrast to his beneficient forebears according to Legend a popular Rebellion started after the King's son allegedly raped the noble woman l CIA whatever the reason Rome changed from a monarchy to a republic A system that was based on the idea of property of the people or resua the Seven Hills of Rome are esquiline Palatine Aventine capitaline kinol viminol a
nd Kalen Rome was founded on these Hills two consuls who are yearly chosen to office received the Monarch's Authority they were the Army's main Commander as well the magistrates were chosen from the Senate which was predominated by patricians or the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus even though they were chosen by the people the long conflict between the patricians and the plebians the common people which culminated in some political power for the plebians after years
of patrician concessions including their political bodies the tribunes which had the power to introduce or vet legislation characterized politics in The Early Republic the first Roman legal system known as the 12 tables was written on 12 bronze tablets and placed in the Roman Forum about 450 BC these laws served as the foundation for all subsequent Roman civil law and addressed matters of judicial procedure civil rights and property rights real political power in Rome was concent Tred by the Se
nate by roughly 300 BC which at the time only included members of affluent Patrician and plebian families the Roman State expanded dramatically both in size and power throughout the Early Republic even though the GS stormed and burned Rome in 390 BC the Romans recovered under the military hero Camis and by 264 BC they had taken control of the entire Italian Peninsula the great city state of Carthage in Northern Africa was the opponent of Rome in a series of conflicts known as the Punic Wars Rome
completely dominated Sicily the Western Mediterranean and a large portion of Spain after the first two Punic Wars a third Punic War was fought around 149 to 146 BC the Romans conquered destroyed and sold into slavery the city of Carthage turning a portion of Northern Africa into a Roman province Rome expanded its power in the east at the same time overthrowing King Philip I of Macedonia in the Macedonian Wars and transforming his nation into a new Roman province Rome's military victories paved
the way for the society's cultural development because the Romans gained tremendously from contact with their highly developed civilization like the Greeks around 240 BC Greek Classics were translated into Latin to create the earliest works of Roman literature the Romans later adopted much of Greek philosophy art and religion make sure to subscribe to history flick and hit the Bell icon so you won't miss any of our future history updates under the weight of the expanding Empire Rome's intricate
political structures started to fall apart a during in a period of unrest and violence as affluent land owners drove out small farmers from public lands the wealth Gap grew and only the more privileged classes were given access to the government tiberious and gas gratus reform efforts in 133 BC and 123 to 22 BC respectively in other attempts to solve these societal issues resulted in the reformers murders at the hands of of their opponents gas Marius was the first of many Warlords who would rule
over Rome in the late Republic guas Marius was a commoner whose military prowess propelled him to the rank of consul for the first of six years in 107 BC around 82 BC Sula a fellow General became the military Dictator by 91 BC Marius was fighting off attacks from his Rivals notably Sula following sula's retirement one of his Earth while followers pompy temporarily held the position of Consul before leading Victorious military operations against mithian armies in Asia and Mediterranean Pirates d
uring this time Marcus tulus Cicero who was elected Consul in 63 BC is renowned for having one of Rome's best oratory skills and for successfully foiling the plot of patrician Cataline when the Victorious pompy returned to Rome he formed an uneasy Alliance known as the first triumvirate which the wealthy Marcus linius crus who suppressed a slave rebellion led by Spartacus in 71 BC and another rising star in Roman politics guas Julius Caesar Caesar went back to Rome to run for the consulship in 5
9 BC after achieving military success in Spain in 58 BC Caesar was given control of three prosperous provinces in G as a result of his alliance with pompy and crus he then went out to colonize the rest of the country for Rome the trium verit was broken when pompy's wife Julia Caesar's daughter passed away in 54 BC enus was killed in combat with Parthia modern-day Iran the following year in 53 BC pompy took over as the single conso when traditional Roman politics fell into disarray due to Caesar'
s Superior military prowess in Gaul and his growing fortune pompy and his Senate supporters worked together to gradually undermine Caesar Caesar and one of his Legions crossed the Rubicon a river separating Calpine Gul from Italy in 49 BC Caesar became the Undisputed ruler of Rome for the rest of his life in 45 BC after his conquest of Italy sparked a civil war less than a year later Julius Caesar was murdered March 15th 44 BC by a group of his enemies led by the Republican Nobles Marcus Junius
Brutus and gas cassus in the second triumverate which included EXC Consul lepidus Consul Mark Anthony and Octavian Caesar's great nephew and adopted Heir worked together to defeat Brutus and casassus with Octavian leading the Western provinces Anthony the East and lepidus Africa tensions developed by 36 BC and the triumvirate soon dissolved in the Battle of Axiom in 31 BC Octavian triumphed against the armies of Anthony and Queen Cleopatra of Egypt who is also thought to have been Julius Caesar'
s former love interest after this humiliating loss and Anthony and Cleopatra killed themselves Octavian was the only ruler of Rome in all of its provinces by 29 BC he made sure to appear as though the Roman Republic's political institutions had been restored while retaining complete control of himself to avoid suffering Caesar's fate octavien adopted the name Augustus in 27 BC becoming the first emperor of Rome after a of strife and Corruption augustus's Administration helped Rome recover its mo
rale and bring in the famed pxs Romana two complete centuries of tranquility and prosperity he oversaw several social changes scored many military triumphs and allowed development of Roman literature art architecture and religion with the help of his large army and developing Cult of loyalty to the Emperor Augustus ruled for 56 years the Senate worshiped Augustus after his death starting a long-standing custom of deification for popular Emperors tyus 14 to 37 ad Caligula 37 to 41 ad and Claudius
41 to 54 ad who is best known for leading his army to conquer Britain were all members of augustus's Dynasty the last in the series was Nero 54 to 68 ad whose indulgences emptied the Roman treasury brought about his downfall and ultimately resulted in his suicide in the turbulent year following Nero's demise four Emperors assumed the throne the fourth Vespasian 69 to 79 ad and his successors Titus and Demian were known as the flavians they made an effort to restrain the excesses of the Roman Co
urt to restore Senate Authority and to advance the welfare of the people with his management of the relief efforts following the catastrophic vvus eruption which destroyed the towns of herculanum and Pompei Titus 79 to 81 ad won the respect of his people another golden era in Roman history began with nerva Reign 96 to 98 ad who was chosen by the Senate to succeed the mission during this time four Emperors Tran hadrien antoninus pasus and Marcus arelius took the throne peacefully and succeeded on
e another by adoption rather than hereditary succession trajan's conquest of the kingdoms of daa present day Northwest Romania 98 to 117 ad and Parthia resulted in the greatest territorial expansion of Rome's Frontiers in recorded history his successor hadrien 117 to 138 ad continued his predecessor's efforts of maintaining internal stability and enacting administrative changes while also fortifying the Empire's borders famously erecting Hadrian's Wall in modern-day England Rome was peaceful and
prosperous under antoninus pasus 138 to 161 ad but Marcus aurelius's rule 161 to 180 ad was marked by Warfare including Wars with Parthia and Armenia and the invasion of Germanic tribes from the north Marcus defied convention and appointed his 19-year-old son kodus as his Heir after falling ill and passing away close to the Battleground at vindana Vienna this was against the non-hereditary succession custom the era of the Roman emperors came to a dismal conclusion thanks to Mod's depravity and
incapacity from 180 to 192 ad another civil war that was won by Lucius Septimus seus 193-211 ad was precipitated by his death at the hands of his ministers Rome had a cycle of almost Perpetual Warfare during the 3r century the throne was occupied by a total of 22 Emperors several of whom perished violently at the the hands of the soldiers who had driven them to power as a result of ongoing German and parean warfare as well as goth assaults Over the aan Sea external challenges Afflicted the Empir
e and diminished its wealth the reign of di 284 to 305 ad temporarily restored peace and prosperity in Rome but at a high cost to the unity of the Empire Diocesan and maximian jointly held the title of Augustus Emperor and they split the authority into the so-called tetrarchy rule of four Diocesan and maximian assistants and designated successors were two generals Named Gus and constantius Dian and garius dominated the Eastern Roman Empire while maximan and constantius assumed control in the Wes
t after Dian and maximian left office the stability of this Arrangement significantly deteriorated in the ensuing power conflicts Constantine the son of constantius emerged as the sole emperor of a United Rome in 324 ad he transferred the Roman Capital to Byzantium in Greece which he dubbed Constantinople at the Council of NAA in 325 Constantine declared Christianity then a marginal Jewish sect the state religion of Rome the illusion of Roman Unity under Constantine was shortlived and 30 years a
fter his passing the eastern and western Empires were once more split the Eastern Roman Empire afterward known as the Byzantine Empire would continue to fight Persian Invaders despite this and would mainly hold for centuries to come a completely different narrative unfolded in the west where the empire was beset by internal strife and external threats particular ularly from Germanic tribes now established within the Empire's borders such as the vandals whose capture of Rome gave rise to the term
vandalism and was steadily losing money due to constant Warfare Rome's bloated Empire finally caused it to crumble and it lost each of its provinces one by one Britain around 410 AD Spain and Northern Africa around 430 ad around 4 50 ad atila and his vicious Huns attacked GA in Italy further stumbling the Empire a Germanic Prince by the name of odw Walker took charge of the Roman army in Italy in September 476 ad odw Walker's forces crowned him king of Italy after toppling ramulus Augustus the
final Western Emperor putting an unjust conclusion to the protracted turbulent history of ancient Rome the Roman Empire had completely collapsed Roman engineering and Architectural advancements continue to influence modern society Roman aqueducts which were created in 312 BC allowed towns to grow because they transported water to urban areas enhancing cleanliness and public health a modernized version of an original Roman aqueduct is still used to supply water to Rome's Fountain of Trevy some Ro
man aqueducts could convey water up to 60 km or 37 mi from their Source ancient structures like the Coliseum and Roman Forum are still standing strong today thanks in part to Roman cement and concrete Roman arches also known as segmented arches improved on prior arches to create sturdy Bridges and buildings that dispersed weight uniformly Roman highways which were the best roadways in the ancient world allowed the Roman Empire which at its height covered more than 1.7 million square miles to rem
ain linked they Incorporated seemingly modern inventions like drainage and mile markers by 200 BC more than 50,000 M of Roads had been constructed many of which are still in use today if you like this subscribe to our Channel and explore more history and mystery with us thank you for watching this video and don't forget to let us know what you would like to see on History flick and what you think about this video in the comments section if you like this one check out our others on History flick
I will see you in the next one until then goodbye
Comments