- [Narrator] What time is it? - [Group] It's science time! ♪ Science, science, science time. ♪ ♪ Let's all stop and just unwind ♪ ♪ 1, 2, 3, 4 here we go ♪ ♪ Learn so much your brand explodes ♪ ♪ Lesson so cool and so fresh ♪ ♪ Beats so big you'll lose your breath ♪ ♪ Learning facts and real cool stuff ♪ ♪ Scream for more, can't get enough ♪ ♪ It's, it's science time ♪ ♪ It's fun you best believe ♪ ♪ Explore and learn new things ♪ ♪ Come and join me please ♪ - I Mr. C in this super smart
group,
is my science crew. Lyla is our notebook navigator, Alfred is our experiment expert, Rylee is our dynamite demonstrator, and London is our research Wrangler. Working with my team is
the best and makes learning so much fun. Actually, you should join us! - [Narrator] Today we're
talking about rockets and propulsion. - [Mr. C] What time is it? - [Group] It's science time. - Hi everybody. Wait a
minute. What is this? USSRC Huntsville, Alabama. (box opening) Is this really happening? Space Camp! Spac
e Camp! We're going to Space Camp! (audience cheering and clapping) Are you guys ready? Grab your crew. We're
going on a field trip. (rocket boosting) (upbeat music) ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time, it's science time ♪ (rocket boosting) - Welcome back to DIY science
time. My name's Mr. C, and I'm so excited that
you're here to be part of our science crew today. (whip clapping) We're here at the US
Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabam
a.
Home to Space Camp. That's right. We're talking
all things propulsion and all things space. It's
going to be out of this world. Are you ready? Let's go. (upbeat music) ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time, it's science time ♪ ♪ It's so much fun,
learning fun for everyone ♪ ♪ It's science time,
yes you best believe ♪ ♪ Explore and learn new
things here with Mr. C ♪ ♪ It's science time everyday ♪ ♪ We know it's awesome,
we know it's great ♪ - Hi
everyone. And welcome to space camp. - My name is Lain and I will
be your crew trainer today. - Lain. It's super nice to meet you. I'm so excited to be here.
So I know this is Space Camp, but what is this space
specifically all about? - So this is called the
Mission Center Complex. This is where we run all
the simulated missions on the Moon, Mars, and lower orbit. - So you said simulations, does that mean that I get to
do a simulation with you today? - You do. - All right. So what's the
first th
ing we need to do? - We get suited up. - All right, let's go. (soft techno music) Pants. Boots. Helmet. Coat. Right from the start, our mission required a
tremendous amount of teamwork. Lain and I had to work
together just to get suited up and a little bit of training
so that we could successfully complete our mission to
repair the ammonia tank. (upbeat music) We were hoisted up alongside
the space station with a mission to repair and replace
a faulty ammonia tank. This is a critical repair
that
mission specialists actually had to perform in space in 2009. We were only working for about
45 minutes compared to the six and a half hours that
the astronaut spent floating outside in space. They
were unhooking valves, moving equipment and
reconnecting everything. This is just one of the
many, many missions that Space Camp attendees get to experience. What an amazing adventure to
get to work together with Lain to ensure that the International
Space Station and its crew were all safe and comfo
rtable. So that was amazing. Thank you so much for taking me up into space
and doing that simulation. That was such hard work,
but having a teammate and a crew member like you
was amazing. Thank you. - Exactly. It requires
two to make it work. - Teamwork. - Teamwork. - Yes. - Great job. - Yes. (high-fives) (slide swooshing) - I've been reading a
book about anti-gravity. It's impossible to put down (laughs) We're going to try some out of
this world activities today. You'll need the following
mate
rials to follow along; paper, aluminum foil, tape,
scissors, straws, plastic bags, cups, glue and of course, you
know what matters the most. Your super stellar science notebook. - A science notebook is a tool that every scientist should have, and it gives us a place to
record all of our learning. Taking good notes and being organized allows us to be better scientists. A science notebook allows us
to go back and review all the data and information we've
gathered during our experiments. Plus it al
lows us to share
results with other scientists who might be interested in
learning more about what we've discovered. Whenever
you see the notebook pop up on the screen, like
this. (notebook shimmering) It's a reminder that this is a good place for us to jot down new information. You can see I've already added a title and a list of materials
for today's activity. Our crew is still going to
have lots of information to collect and organize as we
go through the experiment. So keep your notebook hand
y. Most importantly, the more
you use the science notebook, the better you'll get at taking
notes and recording data. If you don't have a science
notebook yet download a copy of Mr. C's science
notebook from the website. (rocket whooshing) - Working on the space station
sure makes someone hungry. And let me tell you what, if I'm in space, I'm going to need food, but
I realize that in space, they don't have gravity. So
when you open up a container, things will start to float around. So transporti
ng food is
probably really important, getting it to space and keeping it space without it getting all over the place. So what we're gonna do is we
are going to engineer our own containers that will allow
us to transport food here on earth, but more specifically, thinking about what we could use in space and whether or not it would be successful. All right, let's give it a try. So the first thing I'm thinking
is like a squeeze pouch of some sort. Kind of closed
off and we'll tape the edges. And t
hen here at the top,
we'll have like a little piece of like tape or a seal that will lift, and then we'll insert the straw
so that we can eat our food. Eat our food through a
straw. (straw sucking) Hmm? So we're essentially exploring the engineering design
process. (notebook clicking) We have a task. Get food
out into outer space. So we need containers for that.
It could be a plastic pouch, maybe a foil tube, or even like
a plastic cup of some sort. But the challenge is, is whether
or not it's g
oing to work. And I'll be honest with you
having what I have here may or may not work, but that's
the cool thing about the engineering design process. If it doesn't work the first time, you come back and you try it again. - Packaging food, like this
means it is able to keep all of its nutrition and
taste for almost five years. All of the food on the
International Space Station has all of the water removed. Removing
the water reduces weight, and it makes food safe
to eat for a long time. - All ri
ght. So check it out. I made a couple of different
containers and I'm really excited to share them with you. The first two containers are very similar. These are maybe some sort
of containers for drinks, so they could come
sealed, they're airtight, and maybe there'll be something
in there, like a powder where the astronauts can add
liquid to it in outer space. And then when they're ready to
drink it they can pop it in, add the liquid, and then,
you can have your drink, Ahh! Delicious. Air. Broug
ht to you
by the atmosphere (laughing) And then you have this contraption. Now this could be used
in two different ways. This looks like a toothpaste tube kind of, but what you can do is there's
a hole in it and it comes sealed. You can use a straw if you want, and you can pop a straw. It
and you can drink from it. And when it's all gone. It's
like vacuums itself out, right? Or you could drink from it like this. Mmmm yummy! So you could actually try just like that and put food in there
and then
it would hold and be self-contained in that container. This is my favorite. This
could be a food or a drink, but look at this, I
design this to be a pouch and it has a straw, and
it's all sealed off. And then when you're ready
to eat, pop off the straw, you lift it, oh, I gotta work on this. Ah. I've gotta redesign this. And then the straw goes
into the pouch. Maybe. I'd be hungry as an astronaut, but then the straw goes in
and it's all self-contained. So then you have your meal. Mmmm. Yummy. Th
at is delicious blue
space food, right? Now. I know realistically astronauts, aren't taking this into space,
but these are prototypes. And these give me shapes of
things that I might want to actually build. And then I work with engineers
to find the right materials, to make this from so
that it seals properly, and the food is safe and is
able to be stored for a long time while the astronauts
are working at the ISS. (upbeat music) ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ - Well, hello and welc
ome to
the us space and rocket center. - Thank you. Thank you.
I'm excited to be here. - Great. So are you ready to talk about propulsion and rocketry? - Yes. I've flown a long
way to get down here. So I'm super excited to
see what kind of engines can get me back home. - So airplane engines are quite different from rocket engines. So
are you ready to launch into outer space? - I'm definitely ready to
launch into outer space and speaking of which this
space here is amazing. Wouldn't you say? - Ye
s. So we here in
the Saturn Five Hall at the US Space and Rocket Center celebrate the Apollo program with NASA's most powerful rocket of historical
means that took us to the moon the first time. So we
have above our heads, the 363 foot tall rocket,
the first one ever made. So let's talk about some propulsion. - I'm ready. Where do we start? - At the beginning? - At the beginning, let's head back. (rocket command talking to astronauts) - [Joseph] We're currently under the first stage of the Satur
n five rocket. - [Mr. C] The first stage. So
I have to ask what is a stage? - So a stage is a part of a rocket that is the fuel container.
It is the gas tank, so it holds the liquid
fuel, and once it is spent, it is jettison. So then
the next stage can ignite. - So when you say the next stage, that brings me to the
question. So this first stage, it looks like it has 1,
2, 3, 5 rocket, 5 engines. - Five. Yes. It has 5 F1 engines. So all five of those
engines when they ignite it, it produced seven
and a half
million pounds of thrust to lift this 6 million pound
rocket from earth to it's destination, the moon. - All right. So the keyword is stage and we're propelling this massive, massive thing in the space. So after the first stage
goes through its phase, so to speak, there are additional stages. Is that what I'm understanding? And do they all have engines? - There is the second stage, which has the 5 same arrangements
as the F1 above our head. - Okay. - But the next engine is called a J
2. So those J2's produce a 100,000 pound of thrust individually. And then you have a single
J2 on the third stage with that a hundred-thousand
pounds of force type. - So if I know we're
underneath these right now, these massive, massive engines, but is there a place where
we could actually like, look a little closer to see
what one of these look like? - Yes. So they're mounted
in our arrangement now on this rocket, but
let's get a closer look at one that's at ground
and eye level, right? - All r
ight. Let's check it out. - So we are now at eye level
to the F1 engine where we saw earlier above our heads, all five in its configuration
on the AF end of the Saturn Five Rocket. - All right. So this
F1 engine is propelling this massive rocket into
space. And the question is, everyone's wondering what kind
of fuel does something like this use to be able to do that? - So this engine uses a
mixture of liquid fuels, kerosene and oxygen as its oxidizer. So it is burning this liquid
fuel and all fi
ve of those F1 engines produce seven and a
half million pounds of thrust to launch this 6 million
pound rocket into space. - Now, I don't have liquid
fuel like this at home, but my brain has been working
since we've been talking today, Joseph, and I'm thinking, I might be able to actually
build one of the rock, these rockets. Do you
think that's possible? - I think that's possible to
build a smaller version of this rocket in your home. (Laughing) - So I think I'm going to try to do that. And you
have helped so much today. All of these things create
massive amounts of pressure and thrust, which make, - So all of that fuels are pressurized inside of this rocket,
inside that fuel tank and it's pressurized so that it provides that major amount of thrust
for that burning potential. And speaking of all this, I challenge you to build
your own rocket at home, using what you've learned here. Seeing what you've seen here,
take this information back and build your own version at-home. - Challenge
accepted. We're gonna build a DIY rocket
at home here in just a moment before that, I wanted to say
big, special, thanks to you, Joseph, for taking your time, spending with us here and
propelling our knowledge about rockets to the next level
and into outer space. Thank you so much, sir. - Thank you. (rocket whooshing) Challenge accepted. We're gonna
use a balloon for my rocket. This balloon. (air filling ballon) Uses air to power it. When
I let it go in theory, the air's gonna rush out this way
. The balloon should go that way, but if I let it go without
any sort of control, just gonna fly all over the yard. So what I've done is I've
attached a straw to a string from one side of my yard to the other. I'm gonna put that on there and
blow it up a little bit more (air filling balloon) Here we go. Bring this back. Now this is a single stage
rocket. Single stage, meaning it only has one fuel
source and it only has one engine. So we're gonna
see how far it goes. All right, here we go. In 3,
2, 1, Oh, it only went half-way. So what we're gonna try now
is we're gonna try building a two-stage rocket using some
squealer balloons instead of a big balloon. And we'll
see if it actually works. (air filling balloons) All right. So here's my two-stage rocket. Let me show you how this works. In theory, this one is going to let all
the air release and once all the air releases, the collar here is putting
pressure on this balloon to prevent the air from coming
out. Once the air releases, it's g
oing to allow this
air to start releasing and hopefully it'll continue
traveling down our string. I don't know if it's gonna work. There's only one way to find
out. Let's get this hooked up. So I want a little bit of slack. Oh, I think I've got it too tight here. I'm gonna see what happens. I'm gonna unhook this
one and unhook this one. (balloon squealing) (laughter) Oh, it didn't go anywhere. Actually it did. So we had an
initial problem with launch. Let's give that a try again.
I think it's to
o tight. I think I need some slack so
that I can get everything kind of balanced so that it'll
be able to flow more freely. And I'm trying to get 'em all
lined up so that they're sort of straight. Oh, oh, the wind is so bad. All right, we're gonna give it a try. It looks like it's gonna work. We're gonna let the wind die down. We're gonna wait for a break.
I'm gonna get these ready. Okay. Stage two is unleashed. Are we ready? And 3, 2, 1. (balloon squealing) All right. Let's give us another try.
(balloon squealing) Ah! Yes! It was successful. It didn't work great. But the first stage, it was like bound up. It didn't want to actually
like move very easily. So it's like the rocket
was stuck. Maybe the, I, I don't know what's going on. But once the first one released and the, the neck of the second stage
was able to release the air took off. It went all the way down. That was so cool. I think
you should give this a try. You can do a single stage
rocket just trying with one balloon or you
can try it like
I did and make a double stage or a two stage rocket to see
if you can get your rocket to go even farther. Give it a
try. Science is so much fun. US Space and Rocket Center! Challenge successfully completed. - Hello. I'm Bob Newssplash back for WAIR. The pressure continues to build as we wait our resident science
expert, Adam Splitters, next demonstration. He's been planning this
experiment for quite some time, and you can certainly feel
the excitement in the air. Let's connect wi
th him. Now, Adam, we're so excited to see this
is finally happening today, What can you tell us? (gusts of wind) - Thanks, Bob. Adam Splitter here with
WAIR and today we're talking about Newton's 3rd law. That's right. I'm so excited about this one. I've been waiting and reacting
to the weather and making sure we have a perfect day. In fact, the wind is blowing and it's
a perfect day to get the rockets out and to shoot some amazing, amazing liquid nitrogen
rockets up into the sky. Now, kids and
parents. I want
you to remember something. This is not something that
you should try at home. Repeat, do not try this at home. (echo) All right, so let's talk liquid nitrogen. It's minus 320 degrees Fahrenheit, and when it gets out into the air, like it is now, it starts to boil. And that means it's expanding. And it expands about 800 times
its size from a liquid to a gas. And what's really
cool is liquid nitrogen. We're gonna use a bottle of
water and liquid nitrogen to do the experiment. Now,
liquid nitrogen is clear, just like water. So here I have water. And I have this other liquid
here to show you that liquid nitrogen sits it on top of water. That's because it's less dense. And because it's less dense
when I turn this over, like this, the liquid
nitrogen races to the top. And because it's expanding 800 times, it's going to cause pressure. It's gonna shoot the water out. And hopefully, we will have
rockets that'll soar high into the sky. Are we ready
everybody? Are we ready? Okay
. What we're gonna do really quick. We're just gonna kind of,
we're just gonna try this. We just gotta try it. All right. I've got some goggles I need to put on. Safety is really critical and important. Like I said before, kids, you should not be trying this at home. Parents, you should not
try this at home either. (soft techno music) In 3, 2, 1. (bottle hissing) Where'd it go? Oh my gosh. (laughing) That was so awesome. (bottle gushing) That was so cool it blew off my mustache In 3, 2, 1. (bott
le hissing) (ding) (ding) (bottle hissing slowed) Oh my God. That is so cool. Every time, every time. My mind just went
(explosion) that was amazing. I can't believe that is the
experiment that we were able to do today. Equal and opposite reactions, Newton's 3rd Law.
Rockets here at the park. Something none of you should try at home, but you're here to watch
it with me, Adam Splitter. All right. Back to you, Bob. Oh my gosh. That was so amazing. Can you believe it? Oh, that was so cool. We're li
ve. Oh, sorry, Bob. (laughing) Back to you. - Fantastic Adam. And there you have it. Thank you for tuning in
today for this crushing news here at WAIR where our reporting is always a breath of fresh air. (rocket whooshing) - This, this is the Apollo 12 moon rock. This rock is a igneous rock, which means it was formed
from a volcanic lava flow. As the lava was flowing, it
began to cool and solidify on the surface of the moon, and just like the surface of the moon the rock is gray in color. Be you
r own geologist and
study rocks here on the earth. - Mission control. This is
DIY science time crew member, Lyla checking in to confirm.
We've had an amazing day today, learning about space. Our activities today have
been out of this world and I've been working
to jot down all sorts of amazing notes for the team. I've included information about the International Space Station, Saturn 5, astronaut food, and propulsion. Plus that rocket experiment
that Mr. C was so cool. I wonder what it might
hap
pen if you changed the size of the engine,
or you could change the mass of the actual
rocket while keeping the engine the same to see how
that might impact its flight. I think that's something you
and your science crew should try at home. (rocket whooshing) - Wow. What a busy day. I just flew back from Huntsville. And let me tell you
what my arms are tired. (drummer sting) (laughing) No, but on a serious note, isn't it amazing all the work
and all of the engineering that takes place in outer spa
ce? Astronauts have such cool jobs, but they really do a lot of
work to prepare for that travel into space. And it all starts with taking
notes like in your science notebook. If you don't
have one of these yet, make sure you download
one from the internet. You can get this and keep track
of all of your experiments that you do each and every
day. Speaking of experiments, my food container? Sort of iffy,
but while I was down there, I got some official astronaut
ice cream from Space Camp. I'm gonna
open it now,
see what it tastes like. (bag ripping) It's an ice cream sandwich. (laughing) Oh, and it's freeze dried. (hard tapping) It's completely freeze dried. I wonder where this is gonna taste like? Before I get into this, I wanna say, keep exploring, keep
having fun, keep learning. And remember science is wherever you are. (ice cream crunching) The strawberry is really good. (ice cream crunching) Yummy! Let's get to my favorite, vanilla. (chewing) Oh my God. That's amazing. (upbeat music)
♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ ♪ It's science time ♪ (music fade) (ice cream crunching) Mm! Let's just keep rolling. I'm gonna finish my sandwich.
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