Elon Musk’s Neuralink recently implanted a chip in a human for the first time. The emerging market of brain computer interfaces, or BCIs, is in the process of finding its footing. In a world where AI is on the rise, BCIs allow for telepathic control of computers and wireless operation of prosthetics. But how does this tech work?
WSJ goes inside a brain surgery to see how the implants work, and breaks down what it’s going to take to get these devices on the market.
Chapters:
0:00 Musk’s Neuralink
0:41 The market
3:03 Synchron
3:57 Precision
5:16 What’s next?
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- So we're gonna start
the experiment, okay. - [Narrator] That
experiment you're seeing now is something only a handful
of people have experienced. Having a microchip read your
mind from inside your head. It's part of a growing
industry that includes, Elon Musk's, Neuralink,
which says it just implanted its first chip into a human brain, but other devices have already
proven to telepathically control computers and
wirelessly operate prosthetics. - It's a fundamentally different class of medical
device than anything
we've ever seen before. - [Narrator] Here's an
inside look at how two of the implants challenging Neuralink work and what it will take to
get them to consumers. - Elon musk is the kind of person who has very, very expansive
visions of the future. His idea is we're actually gonna augment perfectly healthy humans with this chip so that we can go along for the
ride with AI as it advances. - It's gonna be important
for us to figure out how we coexist with advanced
artificial int
elligence. - [Narrator] While Elon
Musk's end goal for Neuralink is wider reaching, it's
starting with addressing a specific medical condition, which other leading implantable BCIS or brain computer interfaces
are also aiming to treat. - The technology is for people who can no longer use their smartphones. It's people whose hands don't work. So it's things like stroke.
ALS, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, severe
arthritis, cerebral palsy. - [Narrator] These implants
right now don't cure
these issues, but they could allow someone who has lost use of their hands to say, move a computer mouse. Just by thinking. - Our patients describe
feeling a little bit like they're locked in their own body, their brain still working
and they want to do things, but you depend on other people to engage. So it sort of gets to like a
restoration of agency autonomy. - Tom Oxley is a CEO of Synchron, one of the five leading
BCIs that are competing in the industry. While they vary in several ways, the
re's one major difference
that sets them apart. Invasiveness, or how deeply
implanted they are in the brain. - Where neurotechnology
has been developing is to try to make devices
that are less invasive, but also devices that work better, devices that can get more
information in and out. Devices that can target
specific regions of the brain - Neuralink device and others
like it have to be implanted directly into or onto the brain in order to gather more data. Synchron, on the other hand,
is a ste
nt that is implanted into a blood vessel in
the surface of the brain. It's less risky than brain surgery, but the placement can
affect what information the implant gets from the brain. - There's a whole bunch of different ideas for what's gonna give you the
best brain signal readings and from that data, can we do more? But then there's a trade
off with invasiveness, and so you have all these companies doing slightly different
things, hoping to come up with sort of the the best recipe. - [Narrato
r] Here's how
Synchrons device works. - So I have a stent road here, which is the electrode array
that goes into the brain, so I'll just bring it out of the catheter. So you can see it opened up
outside of the catheter here, so we should see it coming up in a minute. If you look down here, you'll see something coming
up inside the brain now. - That stent road, as Synchro calls, their device is a number
of electrodes that pick up electrical signals that
correspond with specific thoughts. Those si
gnals run down into this chip, which is implanted in the chest. It wirelessly sends the
signals to a computer that transforms them
into a digital command, like a mouse click. - So where your brain
previously made your hand move, like mine is doing right now, it now is pushing a cursor to do navigate and click on a screen. - [Narrator] Synchro has
successfully put permanent implants in 10 patients so far as
part of its clinical trials. - You can, sometimes you can feel it. Same as a pacemaker. -
[Narrator] Precision,
whose implant you saw in the surgery earlier is
testing a temporary version of its device. The company is using volunteers
who are already scheduled for other brain operations to implant its electrode array to collect data and then remove it at
the end of the surgery. Right now, the device is
recording brain activity as the patient goes through the motions of rock paper, scissors. - Patients in this study
are wearing a glove on each hand that allows
us to track the movement
of the hand in real time with
a very, very high sensitivity so that we know exactly
what each finger is doing and where the fingers in the
hand and the arm are in space, and we can correlate that
with the electrical activity that is happening on the motor
cortex just before and during and after the execution of a movement. - [Narrator] That data is
projected onto this grid, which is like a map of the brain. These red areas are where more activity is happening with each action. This helps resear
chers understand how the brain activates
different movements, and they can later use that
data to help paralyzed patients control a computer with
their minds, for example. - We can predict what's about to happen even before the patient speaks or moves. - In terms of invasiveness, Precision's, electrode array
is meant to slide in through a slit in the skull to sit
just on top of the brain. In order to make it to market. These devices will have
to prove to the FDA that they're both safe and worth
the risk, and then they'll still need to get buy-in from other players
throughout the industry. - We have to think about
the insurance providers. We have to think about the hospitals. We have to think about the physicians who are prescribing the devices. All of these people have
to get together and agree that this is the best path forward. It's something that they
want and they recognize the benefit of it. - [Narrator] That
process could take years, but some experts think
that they could start h
itting the market sometime
in the next decade. While Musk's vision of putting
chips into healthy brains is likely much further away than that, the uses for BCIS have the potential to expand in that time too. Motif Neurotech, for instance, is working on minimally
invasive BCI technology that could help treat mental health disorders like depression. - Where I see the future is a company maybe Neuralink or Parapalegic
that focus on high bandwidth. There's gonna be companies like Synchron and Motif
that focus on
minimal invasiveness. Naturally, those customers are gonna start to look different. At that point, I think there's
gonna be more competition between these companies
as they start to establish who is the number one person in Neurotech. But right now, I think
there's room for all of us to try to find a space.
(soft music)
Comments
2024: Pop up appears on your phone 3024: Car insurance ad streams directly to your neurons. No close button.
This is the beginning of the cyberpunk era.
5:04 sounds dystopian as heck. 😂 6:04 nvm, found the more dystopian concept: always being happy. 😃
i wouldnt want a foreign object inside my body if im healthy and normal
Need this in my country
2 questions: 1. What is the difference in sensitivity between the different solutions? I'm guessing that the more invasive it is, the more sensitive it is. Is that actually the case? 2. If the guess is true, then wouldn't it mean that eventually we will need an invasive solution because detection of brain signals can only go so far when you are outside the brain matter?
Imagine a world where you think of a product and having a big company say amazon send it to you and bills you claiming you like it and your bank account is empty, but not to worry the ads will be subliminal as you won't see them as they just get streamed directly into your subconscious and suddenly i want to buy a Tesla because i like it all of a sudden
I mean i havent lost my hands but i would definitely want to remote control a computer or electronic device with my mind
That BlackR0ck name is everywhere
Man’s plugged in 😂😂😂😂 2:30
Very informative! 🧠 Competition spurs innovation.
Thinking it might be a bad idea to rush something like this.
This technology is both SCARY and EXCITING. The potential to help people with disabilities including hearing and blindness. Yet the introduction of AI is tremendously troubling. Check William Gibsons novels from the 80s in the cyberpunk genre. Prophetic.
I wanna know what species these people are afterwards and what’s happens to their brains during an EMP or electrical shock
This has a lot of potential with good intentions, but this needs some government oversight when it gets closer to public accessibility
Absolutely beautiful! So revolutionary!!
I’ll just be glad to know o lived at a time before the brain implants in much the same way I reverie the times before the internet and before smartphones. “The good times” 😂
Scary 😨
The advancements in BCI technology highlighted in the video, especially the minimally invasive approaches, could revolutionize not just healthcare but our daily interaction with technology.
Tbh this is more than just the start companies have been doing this for the longest they are just showing their successful practices they have done not the failed hence why they don’t mention the negative impact everything has side effects