The Bizarre History of Hollywood's Animal Stars

just a few days ago the 2024 Oscars happened but before that I was in the middle of finalizing my script for this video and a comedically relevant incident showed up on my timeline multiple Studios with nominated films complained to the academy about allowing Messi the dog in anatomy of a fall to attend the Oscar nominees luncheon event he will not be attending the Oscar ceremony not everyone is said to have been pleased with Messi's attendance after all being a dog he was not technically a nomi

nee multiple companies with nominated films complained to the academy that allowing him to attend the event gave anatomy of a fall an advantage during the voting window according to a source with knowledge of the complaints and as you can see Twitter instantly set to demanding Justice for Messi so the film was nominated and the dog was in a pivotal acting scene but can't come for not being human oh they're scared he'll get all the attention scared of a real movie star luckily when the award show

actually did roll around messy the dog was in fact in attendance much to the world's Delight unless you're the people on r/d dogree on Reddit who are really really mad about the situation well this whole messy issue is not really a new one as Edward Edelson wrote in the 1980s book great animals of the movies actors hate animals audiences love animals those two facts are directly related actors don't like animals because almost any animal can steal a scene from even even the best actors simply b

y making an appearance just bring a puppy or a horse or an elephant onto a stage and all the human stars immediately become bit players if the animal can do a trick or two the human actors might as well go home speaking of stealing the show look who's being a little troublemaker on set today oh my god do you have anything to say for yourself will you behave years ago when mg M was still the top Hollywood Powerhouse filmgoers could expect to sit down at the theater popcorn in hand and be led into

the world of Cinema with the loud roar of a lion of course there was not just one MGM lion there were many over the course of the Studio's history and he could easily be considered one of the earliest non-human Hollywood stars in 1916 when Samuel Goldwin ditched lasi and zukor to form Metro Goldwin mayor he wanted an intro that would be so visibly loud that the audience could hear it even from a silent screen the first of many MGM Lions to play Leo was slats who hailed from LA's own gays Animal

Farm which I talked about briefly in my video about LA's ostrich Farms the MGM lion perfectly set the incoming scene what you are about to see is a powerful work of art and odds are an animal will help carry it animals were and still are not only props in Hollywood since before the dawn of moving pictures we've had animal celebrities whose names were just as famous as their talking counterparts some of film's earliest ancestors were animal focused like 1897s horse eating hay and the silent era

birth the first animal actors that became household names the 20s saw the immense popularity of dogs like rent and Tin who had his own Chef valet fan clubs fan mail and even a limo much deserved to too since his popularity is exactly what saved Warner Brothers from early bankruptcy later came other famous animals like pal the most popular of the nine Collies who played Lassie or Flipper the dolphin some animals round out a film in the perfect way like Terry who played Toto in The Wizard of Oz th

e monkey in Night at the Museum or the leopard in bringing up baby just think of him as being a house cat well I I don't like cats either some animals make the film the horse and warhorse airbud the large Northwestern wolves in this really obscure nature documentary you probably haven't heard of but as long as there have been movies there have been animal stars and their lives are much wilder than you'd think come learn with me but first new month new channel charity this month I'd like to Spotl

ight stray cat Alliance an organization working to rescue and care for feral and stray cats in Los Angeles they work on on getting bottle feeding support for unweaned kittens trap neuter return processes for feral cats and health and rescue support for all cats who need help to prevent the unneeded loss of life my friend Skyler has personally worked with them as a Foster and I have numerous friends who have gotten cats through them and they do great and very important work in honor of Hollywood'

s animal stars and the fact that my baby MAA is a former stray cat herself I think it's a great thing to help the animals in Los Angeles that need help right now and this is a great way to do it I've made a donation this month and if you have the means I encourage you to do the same so now let's get into it but first let's hear a quick word from today's sponsor Aura these days you literally have no idea just how much your personal data is floating around out there easily accessible to any nefari

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lue my privacy and I value yours so you can go to aura.com cazro to start your two-e free trial which is also linked Below in the description thank you so much to Aura for sponsoring this video and now let's get back to learning about the animal stars of Hollywood so here's a new vocab word for you speciesism I know sounds like a weird one but it pops up quite a bit in literature believe me speciesism is basically the belief that non-human species have no value outside of how they may serve huma

n interests or the failure to Accord non-human species with respect Tony kashani writes in his essay Hollywood's exploited Rene deart called non-human animals Nature's machines incapable of feeling pain pain pleasure and actually being without Consciousness in a cartisian paradigm a dog has no consciousness and the noises he may make when a person steps on his tail are mechanical for so long this was the Orthodoxy dictating that non-human animals could not feel or even think given that they do n

ot have a language like ours of course anyone can tell you that's even despite the human tendency to anthropomorphize animal emotions it's obvious that animals have a very dis distinct language emotions feelings and thoughts maybe not obvious enough though because the general belief that all animals are inherently stupid persisted heavily for centuries yet at the same time Animals still held great societal importance in various ways especially to aristocracy John Blow writes in the genealogy of

animal celebrity the widespread adoption of pets in later times domesticated dogs were ascribed a status somewhere between animal and human hunting dogs were frequently treated better by these Aristocrats than their tenants and in ancient Rome were even crowned during the Festival of Diana the renowned Anthropologist Sir James Frasier discussed in detail how in numerous cultures human woses could be transferred to animals and banished animals have frequently been used as symbols icons totems and

mascots one good example of an early animal star was the London Zoo jumbo the elephant born in 1860 he was advertised as the larg animal in the world always coupled with a tragic backstory and the reassurance that jumbo had humanesque displays of affection this narrative surrounding jumbo as if he were the main character in a drama Drew thousands of visitors to the zoo to see him but jumbo for a variety of reasons had grave anger issues and outbursts and he was eventually sold to Circus man PT

Barnum for what was then a fortune in the Barnum circus' care jumbo became even more of a celebrity phenomenon he was the subject of short stories and books advertisements merchandise you name it jumbo passed away in 1885 when he was hit by a freight train while being led away from a show in Ontario before his body could even be moved circus goers descended on him like vultures slicing off parts of him as souvenirs and even then Barnum had Jumbo's body Taxidermy and displayed next to his very mu

ch alive Widow Alice it's a disturbing Trend that would persist for the next century and beyond and truthfully the spectacle of celebrity death being corrupted into a craving for death souvenirs is a deeply Ancient One think back to the guillotine beheadings of the Middle Ages through the French Revolution the wild clamor of the spectators to take the head once it was severed or at least capture some of the body's blood in a bottle in the Victorian era it wasn't unheard of for famous criminals t

o be embalmed and their bodies sent on tour around the country for all to see one criminal in particular dubbed big noos George was preserved and his skin turned into leather for shoes gross I know but my point is people's attitude towards animals was similar and intrinsically connected to their attitude towards death and celebrity it's all a big circle of various flavors of dehumanization or objectification animals were and still are humanized and anthropomorphized for the benefit of our entert

ainment so of course in death we treat them just as poorly as our human celebrities as David C Giles writes in Celebrity studies somewhat controversially celebrity animals literally do nothing but act as a conduit for our fantasies and desires the changing attitude towards animals and American society came coupled with the rise of the Industrial Revolution as many philosophers and social critics of the 19th century began to try and differentiate modern society from that of the unenlightened past

based around how that Society treats or at the bare minimum thinks about animals various animals even outside of cats and dogs were not only kept increasingly as pets and doors but seen as genuine family members animal rights groups began to take shape and Grand philosophical questions surrounding animal intelligence and communication Then followed as Jeremy benam wrote In 1976 the question is not can they reason can they talk but can they suffer of course the rise of the intelligent animal mea

ns that more than ever people were interested in the animal as entertainment of course this is nothing new not in the slightest circuses involving animals had existed for centuries and even in ancient times you had certain types of animal theater but the later Victorian and Edwardian eras with the increasingly popular vaille industry saw an even larger growth of interest in the humanized animal or the animal as actor of course the two main pre-cinema places that an animal actor would be is eithe

r in the circus or vaille both are similar and that they involved animals being trained to perform tricks or certain performances in fact the differences are actually very slim circuses happened in a tent vaille happened in a theater circuses involved more Oddities bville involved more skits but there was quite a lot of overlap like so much so that the ven diagram is quite nearly a circle frequently the animal actors in Vaudeville weren't named but some were build as their own individual spectac

le and so when film came around audiences were already primed to be interested in seeing animals in acting parts or in extreme situations and they were more than eager to accept animals into the cultural lexicon of household named Stars the first animal actor that we could really call a star was Jean a naturally talented collie who signed with the vitagraph studios company in 1912 of course dogs are one of the most beloved animals in America so it's not surprising that they came to dominate The

Silver Screen it was for a deliberate subconscious reason too in 1940 Jay Allen Boon published letters to strongheart strongheart being one of the most famous dog actors at the 20s Boon wrote that these Dog Stars set a good moral example for human viewers to return to the values of Simplicity goodness and happiness as Jonathan Bert paraphrases in his book animals and film dogs ought to be teaching human movie goers about good morals Bert writes thus the dog as a strip of film embodies the moral

potential of film itself strong heart does not just stand for a better world but is the medium by which it is made manifest strong heart being singled out here is absolutely not random stron heart predating Renton tin was one of the earliest movie stars his debut was in 1921s the silent call the story of a dog who saves a girl murders her attacker and helps her in some guy fall in love strart and his astonishing acting talents went on to star in Braun of the north and White Fang captivating Inte

rnational audiences rentin tin who was also a German Shepherd would carry stron heart's torch and would gain even greater a claim as with all silent movie stars Renton tin came from humble beginnings he was discovered in 1918 by Corporal Lee Duncan who came across the ruins of a German Dugout where a starving dog and her puppies were cowering in fear of course Duncan took the family in and when the war ended Duncan took two of the puppies home to the US Renton tin and his sister Nanette tragical

ly Nanette didn't survive the journey but but Renton tin persisted he was later hired by Warner Brothers starring in hits like Clash of wolves and the Manhunter he could perform an incredible array of stunts and had a very humanlike demeanor earning him the nickname the mortgage lifter because any movie he was in was a guaranteed success following the success of reny the only dogs that could come close to his stardom have to be Benji or Lassie Lassie was played by a collie named pal who carried

the Lassie role through a wide number of Lassie pictures and even a radio show which was frankly just a combination of dog noises that pal received the Star Treatment both on and offset and even got fan mail one was from a dalti named Togo who had a pinup photo of Lassie hanging in his kennel Raymond Lee writes obviously Togo didn't know the ways of Hollywood and that Lassie was male uh I disagree Raymond I think Togo might have been a gay Dalmatian is that that a problem with you well the Holly

wood dogs obviously were proof that animals made guaranteed money and this kicked off a ravenous craving for animal Centric pictures which of course nurtured the growing industry of exotic animal trainers one of early Hollywood's greatest menageries was owned by slapstick King Max senet who supplies a massive number of wild and domesticated animals for film especially for comedy one of Senate's dogs Cameo could smoke cigars and drink gin a bit that has persisted in the cultural lexicon ever sinc

e Senate's favorite players were pepper the cat Teddy the great danne friederick Wilhelm the mouse Carrie Nation quote a chicken of dubious origin and Anime the elephant or if people wanted a bigger thrill there was a gaggle of lions rattlesnakes and bears but pepper the cat was his favorite and he refused to sell her at all costs she could complete a scene in one take as if she could read directions telepathically according to Hollywood Legend pepper and Teddy the great Dayne were extremely clo

se friends and when Teddy tragically died at 12 years old pepper was overcome with grief and refused to perform again one day she simply disappeared and the whole of Senate's slapstick Studio mourned they declared to never have another feline star again because no other cat could possibly measure up to Pepper it's easy to see why pepper loved Teddy so much though cuz everyone did Teddy had The Uncanny ability to act like a human one scene showed him opening a kitchen door turning on a stove with

a match filling a kettle at the sink putting it on the stove and then sweeping the floor with a broom and Teddy had a man's temper too he'd randomly play dead on set when perturbed and only Max Senate could bring him out of his depression that is unless Harry langon would play him some jazz Teddy wasn't the only animal in Senate's managerie who had human itis Josephine the monkey was said to have an IQ of over 140 she played pool golf she could drive she wore luxurious ladies gowns and had the

manners to match Senate managerie didn't start the movie craze for animals but it certainly inflamed it and everyone both in and out of the industry wanted to be a part of it as Raymond Lee writes and not so dumb the movie industry's demand for animal actors had people pulling their laying hens off their nests buding goats from their milking parrots from their perches when their pet cages and backyards were empty they took to beating the brush in the Hollywood Hills Mr and Mrs Orville rounds sen

t their two girls through college by renting out their trained skunk two young Englishmen with with imagination opened the famous pet exchange and boasted they could fill any movie need from any part of the world their business card read anything from a bee to an elephant taking advantage of the Public's early ignorance one animal casting director named Jack Alman scouted animal stars with this brutally bizarre ad copy don't feel sorry for the animals you see on the screen Hollywood is Kinder to

dumb creatures than to humans who knows you may have a duck worth of Fortune or a pet mouse that could be a star call for an interview and bring anything that's alive and doesn't talk absolutely no actors wearing animal costumes wanted we sell only the real rats to be fair the guy had a really hard job he had to hunt for the strangest of animal Stars One film necessitated a closeup of a wood tick on actor lloy hughes's neck forcing almond to go around a bunch of SoCal barns asking to poke aroun

d their livestock looking for ticks to cast in the role this wouldn't be the last time almond would be forced to go bug or even bat hunting by himself for the sake of a movie these early years weren't exactly clear on animal training or safety standards yet though one incident saw vitagraph fencing off a field in rural New Jersey to film a scene where animals escape a circus train and one of the lepers actually did manage to escape and mosied on down to the local barber shop not for a trim but t

o a attack a terrified customer by clawing at his pants the man sued vitagraph claiming that the fear had made his hair turn white and fall out completely leaving him bald and ended up winning $33,000 which was nothing to sniff out in those days but this incident was definitely an outlier most deadly or near deadly incidents happened on set eager trainers who had more often than not been taught to train animals using the fear method were bringing confused and traumatized African wildlife on set

with frightened actors more than once a lion or tiger or bear would seem perfectly docile during a scene only to suddenly launch an attack on a cast member or more often the trainer himself usually resulting in either the death of either the animal or the human or both of course that didn't stop the Studios from using wild animals in their films notable racist DW Griffith was very attached to his animal stars from Leo the Lion to Susie the chicken Susie was something of a media darling in one in

terview Griffith regaled the wondrous chicken lore Susie is a Plymouth Rock From A Village near Berlin fate let her wander into a scene I was shooting near a humble Homestead from the minute I saw her I knew she wasn't an ordinary hen friendly and intelligent she recognized me as a man of authority at the slightest encouragement she would throw back her head and sing lustily then he stro stroked su's neck whispered something in German and Susie threw back her head and belted out a high sea any P

rimadonna would have been proud of but a special place in Hollywood history must be saved for the horses above all other animals horses have carried the movie and TV industry as strongly as anyone after all one of the earliest moving film images featured a horse Edward mu Bridges the horse in motion from 1878 then in 1894 Thomas Edison opened his New York kinetoscope parlor featuring a short clip of a horse named sunfish in bucking bronco and the trend continued 2 years later with 1896s the burn

ing stable featuring four white horses escaping from a burning staple obviously and of course 1903 saw the release of The Great Train Robbery the first official feature film at 12 minutes long The Great Train Robbery is one of the first films to show horses in a recognizably acting role and set off the Eternal Cornerstone of film Chase scenes of course where would westerns be without horses it's no wonder that so many early westerns employed real cowboys and their own horses like Jack Montgomery

and his horse Choo the turn of the century through the 20s was still the era of the true old west slowly disappearing as it was and so when Studios went to places like California or Nevada or Arizona to shoot it it was easy for them to hire local Cowboys on a day salary to ride in some shots and some of these Cowboys went on to become regulars in Hollywood pictures and many actors who would become screen Cowboys like William Hart would develop Incredibly Close bonds with their screen horses Tom

Mix a real cowboy and widely considered one of Cinema's greatest Horsemen was primarily attached to two horses named old blue and Tony who had wildly different personalities but were both equally excellent eoin actors Tony even has his hoofprint immortalized at Gran's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles alongside the other human Cinema greates it's no wonder that unlike many other animals the early Cinema horses were so beloved and often while cared for given that their writers bonded with them so s

trongly or were Horsemen themselves this trend persists even to modern day like when Brendan Frasier adopted his horse pus from the production of 2015 series to Texas rising or when vgo mortensson adopted three horses from the set of Lord of the Rings and these famous screen Duos became popular marketing gimmicks for Studios 2 often resulting in dozens of Duo films one of the most popular Western pairs was Roy Rogers and his horse trigger the smartest horse in movies trigger had already gotten h

is screen debut in 1938's The Adventures of Robin Hood starring Olivia De haval Land under the name golden Cloud Roger and his co-star Smiley brunette renamed him trigger as it seemed a more fitting name for Cowboy's heroic Steed Smiley said as fast and quick as the horse is you ought to call him trigger you know quick on the trigger they reenacted this Rec christening of the horse in the 1946 film My Pal trigger which is a hilariously near meta sort of lore vehicle Rogers and Trigger made the j

ump from movies to TV together with the Roy Rogers Show in 1951 which lasted an impressive 100 episodes and led to a massive collection of toy collectibles Legendary Trigger passed away in 1964 at 33 years old and Rogers made the questionable decision to have him Taxidermy much like jumbo and placed in the Roy Rogers Dale Evans Museum which closed down in 2003 is I was curious what happened to trigger so I looked it up and it looks like he got auctioned off by christe for about 266,000 $500 in 2

010 sold to rfdtv for their plans to start a Western Museum which did not happen but in 2019 rfdtv moved trigger and his buddy bullet to Fort Worth to live at the Cowboy Channel Studios and now at long last they can finally be seen at the John Wayne experience gift shop other horses were less suited for Wild West life though and ended up becoming comic celebrities one of the most famous was Mr Ed the talking horse with a dry sense of humor who constantly embarrasses the bumbling architect Wilbur

post played by Alan Young I just don't understand it don't try to it's bigger than both of them Mr Ed can talk like a human but only does it in front of Wilbur resulting in zany situations like his predecessor Francis the Talking Mule the illusion of Ed talking was created by fitting a thin string under his lip and and then lifting it to give the illusion of talking not all horse actors needed this artificial tool though Dawn the horse star of 1988 hot DET Trot was successfully trained to make

talking movements on his own things weren't always good for horse actors though especially the ones unfortunate enough to be extras rather than the big name on the Marquee many horses were tricked into their various stunts like stumbling into purposely dug pits to Make Them Fall as if shot some horses were hooked up to what was called the running W system which attached weighted wires to their for legs and caused them to fall when they ran to the end of The Wire the running W equipment constantl

y broke horse's legs or Worse killed them another just evil Contraption was the Tilt shoot a huge chute that was either hidden by a curtain or the horse was blindfolded with the Chute itself covered in grease causing the horse to slip and go flying off a cliff and if a Horse Sense the danger they'd often be fitted with blinders so they couldn't see it coming of course as passionate as the human stars were about the animals actors like Errol Flynn and Jack Montgomery were outspoken about the dang

ers and horror of the running W's and tilt shoots and the American Humane Association at the prompting of a furious public began working to ban these types of stunts in the '90s to 2000s before CGI became convincing enough to relinquish the necessity of stunt horses altogether some horse stunts were performed by High convincing animatronics like Brock the robo horse in 2001's The Patriot thankfully Brock took the impalement rather than a real horse but the same can't be said for the silent era's

tragic beasts of course Life as a TV horse was no easier than the movies the popularity of Bonanza which ran from 1959 to 1973 led to a horrific incident in 1964 when some freaks broke into the stable and attacked the show's horses many were badly injured and Pernell Robert's horse was so badly hurt that it needed to be put down the mystery of who the criminals even were was never solved but I like to think that at some point in time they were either trampled by a stampede or haunted by nightma

res filled with ghost horses that drove them to sleepwalk into a tilt choot or at least to Madness either one but I would be remiss to not touch on one of my personal favorite films warhorse a 2011 spiel ber film I think this film has a massive connection to the very history of Hollywood horses thematically speaking at least throughout the history of war and Cinema horses have always played a pivotal and underappreciated role usually at the cost of their lives Joey and warhorse is taken from his

Sunny pastoral youth into the gray frightening world of World War I it's one of the few stories we have where we can witness the struggle from a horse's perspective in a way postum L giving thousands of horses a voice years after they played their parts mercifully nine different horses played Joey in the movie sparing any one horse from having to deal too vividly with the horrors of war and Hollywood even in a simulated sense and even more thankfully an animatronic horse was used for the scene

where Joey gets caught in barbed wire in no man's land Spielberg himself said the thing I kept emphasizing from the very outset was that the horses have to be safe I love horses and even though there's a lot of violence in the picture directed towards horses and man I didn't want any of the horses to be In Harm's Way I gave aha rep barter car the chance to stop a take or even stop a take from ever being taken things aren't easy still not even arguably fair to animal actors but it's undeniable th

at they've come a long long way fittingly when Lee Marvin accepted his Oscar for best actor in 1965's cat beloo he said I think though the of this belongs to a horse someplace out in the valy in 2011 the artist was released by Warner Brothers to incredible Acclaim intended as a homage to the style and Legacy of the silent era the movie is not only a black and white silent film but tells the story of a silent Stars struggle to adapt to the changing industry as the Takis enter the picture and he c

lings to his former success the artist went on to earn Praise of the Oscars and from critics but ended up being somewhat polarizing with with audiences in a similar way that la la land did people complained that it was basically a Hollywood circle jerk but heads up everybody I'm a the artist apologist so hear me out probably because I'm a lover of the silent era and it reminds me of Singing in the Rain a little bit and maybe because it features Niche La locations that I know and love and maybe i

t's because it stars Jean du jardon an actor that I was only previously familiar with because in high school I took French class and our teacher made us watch Bree Denise which he is in and which is basically the French incarnation of Wayne's World but no none of that matters the artist is a poignant homage to silent era dog stars because the film is absolutely dominated by The Majestic performance of my king uggie the dog God Rest his soul uggie's role in the film is like a combination of Lassi

e and Charlie chaplain's dog scraps he's comedic relief and a brave rescuer of our hero and much like Messi the dog this year and all of The Dog Stars before both of them uggie became a great source of human paranoia because he continually stole the show from his bipedal counterparts blue blood's actor Tom celic dissed ugie because he thought that Joe the golden retriever was better or a more serious actor hey why are we pitting two bad against each other ugie also created a lot of discourse ove

r the fact that he was continually stealing the show at the Oscars sound familiar people began to debate does a dog deserve an Oscar and when ugy passed away why was he not included in the Oscars in memorium slideshow when he was such a big name and so beloved because he's a dog he doesn't get to be included but I think the situation with uggie Unearthed a lot of questions for people that they had always had deep down questions both new and very very old why don't we honor the animals who make o

ur movies possible especially the ones in starring roles why are they seen as a threat jokes aside I actually do find it really pathetic that people feel so threatened by a dog enough so to ban them from Awards Ceremonies for their literal job you can argue all day long that oh it doesn't matter they're just animals they don't know they're being excluded they don't care they're better off at home well that's actually not even really the point I don't actually care if a dog attends the Oscars or

not it's the human mentality that I'm arguing about the deliberate choice to ignore and exclude animal actors they should get their flowers too in whatever form that may take and not be barred out of things because of someone's ego maybe that's a stupid thing to have a strong opinion about but if these animals are putting in the time to get in front of the camera for our entertainment and bring us Smiles laughs and tears the least we can do is honor them accordingly thank you for learning with m

e about the animal celebrities of yesterday year do you have a favorite animal star did you grow up with any of the ones that we talked about today let me know in the comments below side note I just want to remind everyone that you can go order my graphic novel liberated the radical art and life of Claud Gahan I wrote researched and Drew the whole thing myself and I know you will love it seriously wow look at this art it's so good look at this amazing non-fiction story it's a graphic novel so yo

u don't even have to read that much and it's also a quick read if you don't have time to read liberated actually had such a great week uh a couple weeks ago winning basically two Awards so uh you better get in on this you're missing out it's available pretty much wherever books are sold especially on the Getty website and if you've read it definitely leave a review on Amazon or places like that so yes until next time wash th hands wear they mask [Music] and [Music]